Qaadashada baahsan ee sameynta birta foornada korantada (EAF) ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay si joogto ah u kiciso kobaca baahida loo qabo elektroodhada graphite, iyadoo arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee horseeda ay ka dhasheen isku-dhafka hagidda siyaasadda, horumarka tignoolajiyada, iyo baahida suuqa. Falanqaynta gaarka ah waa sidan soo socota:
I. Waajibaadka Siyaasadda Ku Salaysan: Saamiga Kordhinta ee Samaynta Birta ee EAF ayaa si Toos ah u Ballaariyay Saldhigga Baahida ee Elektroodhada Graphite
1. Siyaasadda Beddelka Awoodda Shiinaha ee ku Saabsan Hadafyada "Labada Kaarboon"
Shiinuhu wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu kordhiyo saamiga sameynta birta EAF laga bilaabo 10% hadda ilaa 15%-20% marka la gaaro 2025, siyaasad si toos ah u kordhin doonta baahida loo qabo elektroodhada graphite. Tusaale ahaan, iyadoo baahida la saadaaliyay ee elektroodhada graphite ee sameynta birta EAF ay gaartay 860,000 tan sanadka 2025, taasoo ka dhigan koror sanadle ah oo qiyaastii ah 10%, kordhinta baahida ayaa sii ballaarin doonta haddii saamigu uu gaaro 20%.
2. Dib-u-soo-celinta Baahida Birta Adduunka iyo Cadaadiska Deegaanka
Baahida birta adduunka ayaa la filayaa inay dib ugu soo noqoto 1.2% ilaa 1.772 bilyan oo tan sanadka 2025. Iyadoo ay weheliso heerarka caalamiga ah ee deegaanka sida habka hagaajinta xuduudaha kaarboonka ee Midowga Yurub (CBAM), sameynta birta foornada qaraxda dhaqameed (oo leh qiiqa kaarboonka 60%-70% ka sarreeya EAFs) waxay wajahaysaa cadaadis sii kordhaya oo lagu doonayo in laga baxo, taasoo ka dhigaysa qaadashada baahsan ee sameynta birta EAF isbeddel caalami ah.
II. Horumarka Tiknoolajiyadda: Elektroodhada Graphite-ka ee Awoodda Sare leh oo ah Agabka Aasaasiga ah ee Horumarinta Waxtarka EAF
1. Shuruudaha Waxqabadka Adag ee Elektroodhada Graphite ee Nidaamyada EAF
Elektroodhada garaafka ee awoodda aadka u sarreysa (UHP), oo lagu garto iska caabin hoose (≤6 μΩ·m) iyo xoogga dabacsanaanta sare (≥15 MPa), ayaa muhiim u ah kor u qaadista waxtarka EAF. Marka awoodda qaansada ay korodho, hababka dhalaalinta waxay u baahan yihiin elektroodhada garaafka ee leh iska caabin oksaydh oo heer sare ah iyo iska caabin shoogga kulaylka, taasoo horseedaysa kobaca baahida loo qabo alaabada heerka sare ah.
2. Kordhinta Suuqa ee Badeecadaha Sare
Marka la gaaro 2025, qiimaha elektroodhada UHP ayaa la filayaa inay ka badan tahay RMB 18,000 halkii tan, iyadoo saamigooda suuqu uu kor u kacayo in ka badan 60% baahida guud. Shirkadaha hormuudka ka ah (tusaale ahaan, Fangda Carbon iyo Graftech) waxay xaqiijiyeen boos weyn oo suuqa sare ah iyagoo adeegsanaya kalitalisnimo tignoolajiyadeed, halka ganacsiyada yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah (SMEs) ay ka baxayaan sababo la xiriira cadaadiska deegaanka iyo kharashka, taasoo horseedaysa kororka diiradda saarista warshadaha ee ciyaartoyda ugu sareysa.
III. Dadaallada Baahida Suuqa: Isticmaalka Adag ee Samaynta Birta ee EAF iyo Ballaarinta Qaybaha Soo Koraya
1. Astaamaha Isticmaalka Adag ee Samaynta Birta EAF
Samaynta birta EAF waxay isticmaashaa qiyaastii 1.5-2.5 kg oo elektroodhyo garaafit ah halkii tan oo bir ah, taasoo muujinaysa adkeysi baahiyeed oo weyn. Inkasta oo isticmaalka tanku uu hoos uga dhacay 3.5 kg ilaa 1.2 kg sababtoo ah qaadashada baaxadda weyn ee EAFs (tusaale ahaan, foornooyinka qaansada korantada ee ka sarreeya 100T) iyo hagaajinta habka dhalaalinta, baahida guud ayaa sii kordheysa iyadoo la ballaarinayo awoodda.
2. Baahida sii kordheysa ee ka imaanaysa Waaxaha Soo Kordhay
- Qaybta Tamarta Cusub: Soo saarista walxaha baytariga lithium-ion waxay ku tiirsan tahay alaabada graphite. Wax soo saarka walxaha anode-ka adduunka ayaa la saadaalinayaa inuu gaaro 2.625 milyan oo tan sanadka 2025, iyadoo Shiinaha uu ka badan yahay 98%, taasoo horseedaysa baahida loo qabo farsamaynta garaafka elektroodka graphite.
- Qaybta Semiconductor: Elektroodhada garaafka ee saxsan ayaa loo isticmaalaa foornada koritaanka kiristaalka iyo qalabka wax lagu qoro, taasoo u baahan heer nadiif ah oo ka sarreeya 99.999%. Baahida sii kordheysa ee jajabyada 5G iyo AI ayaa horseedaysa heerka kobaca baahida sanadlaha ah oo ka badan 15%.
- Soo saarista Silicon-ka Warshadaha iyo Fosfooraska Jaallaha ah: Warshadaha kiimikada waxay u baahan yihiin elektroodhyo leh xasillooni iyo cimri dherer sare, halkaas oo elektroodhyada garaafitku ay ku badan yihiin.
IV. Caqabadaha iyo Jawaabaha Warshadaha: Hagaajinta Qaab-dhismeedka iyadoo ay jirto Cadaadiska Qiimaha iyo Caqabadaha Deegaanka
1. Qiimaha Alaabta Ceyriin ee sii kordhaya
Horraantii 2025, qiimaha coke-ka irbadda ayaa kor u kacay RMB 5,500 tankiiba nus bil gudaheed ilaa RMB 32,000 tankiiba, halka qiimaha coke-ka batroolka ee sulfur-ka yar uu ka badan yahay RMB 7,300 tankiiba, taasoo muujinaysa koror sanadle ah oo gaaraya 57%. Shirkaduhu waxay yareynayaan kharashyada iyagoo horumarinaya awoodaha wax soo saarka coke-ka irbadda ee gudaha (tusaale ahaan, iyada oo loo marayo is-dhexgal toosan), taasoo muujinaysa faa'iidada tartanka ee shirkadaha hormuudka ka ah.
2. Siyaasadaha Deegaanka oo Kor u qaadaya Awoodda
Xayiraadaha deegaanka ee gobollada sida Hebei iyo Henan ayaa horseeday cidhiidhiga sahayda xilliyeed, halka isticmaalka tamarta badan ee hababka sawir-qaadista ay xaddidayso ballaarinta awoodda. Shirkaduhu waa inay sameeyaan nidaam "soo-kabasho-soo-kabasho-dib-u-soo-noolayn" oo xiran si uu u hoggaansamo heerarka caalamiga ah ee deegaanka sida EU CBAM.
Gunaanad: Ansixinta Birta EAF oo ah Mashiinka Muhiimka ah ee Kobaca Baahida Elektrode-ka ee Graphite
Iyada oo ay wadaan awoodaha isku dhafan ee waajibaadka siyaasadda, horumarka tignoolajiyada, iyo baahida suuqa, qaadashada baahsan ee sameynta birta EAF waxay sii wadi doontaa inay kor u qaaddo kobaca baahida elektroodka garaafka. Iyadoo ay jiraan caqabado sida kharashyada ceeriin ee sii kordhaya iyo caqabadaha deegaanka, warshaduhu waxay xoojinayaan macquulka kobaca baahida iyada oo loo marayo heer sare (tusaale, elektroodka UHP), sirdoonka (tusaale ahaan, teknoolojiyada mataanaha dijitaalka ah), iyo kala-guurka cagaaran (tusaale ahaan, nidaamyada isku-xidhka xiran). Marka la eego mustaqbalka, shirkadaha hormuudka ah ee leh kaydka tignoolajiyada iyo awoodaha isku-dhafka toosan ayaa xukumi doona muuqaalka suuqa, halka iskaashiga qaybaha kala duwan (tusaale ahaan, R&D isku-dhafan oo u dhexeeya baytariyada graphene iyo elektroodka) ay u adeegi karaan horumarro muhiim ah oo lagu xallinayo caqabadaha koritaanka.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-20-2025