Waa maxay hababka daaweynta ee boodhka graphite iyo elektroodhada qashinka?

Hababka Daaweynta Dhammaystiran ee loogu talagalay Elektroodhada Qashinka iyo Boorka Graphite

I. Daaweynta Boorka Garaafiga: Iskaashiga Tiknoolajiyada Badan si loo helo Maamul Hufan

1. Tiknoolajiyada Xakamaynta iyo Qabsashada Isha

  • Habka Xiran iyo Daboolka Ku Jira: Ku rakib Daboolka Ku Jira meelaha muhiimka ah ee soo saarista boodhka (tusaale ahaan, burburinta, baaritaanka, rarista) oo lagu daray shaandheeyayaasha bacaha waxtarka sare leh (tusaale ahaan, ururiyaha boodhka ee isku dhafan ee bacaha elektrostatic-ka ah). Tani waxay yareysaa uruurinta boodhka laga bilaabo 2,000–3,000 mg/m³ ilaa uruurinta qiiqa oo ah 20–30 mg/m³, taasoo gaareysa 99% hufnaanta ka saarista boodhka.
  • Qalabka Ka Saarista Boorka Qarxa ee Ka Hortagga Qaraxyada: Iyadoo la tixgelinayo dabeecadda gudbisa ee boodhka garaafitka iyo u nuglaanshaha uu u leeyahay qaraxa, isticmaal ururiyaha boodhka qaraxyada u adkeysan kara (tusaale ahaan, kala-soocayaasha duufaanta oo ay weheliso shaandheeyayaasha bacaha qaraxyada u adkeysan kara) si loo yareeyo khatarta qaraxyada marka lagu daro walxaha guban kara.
  • Nidaamyada Ururinta Boorka Qoyan: Isticmaal buufinta xalka biyaha ku salaysan si aad u dejiso walxaha boodhka, oo ku habboon isticmaalka qalabka. Fiiro gaar ah: Hubi in walxaha elektroodka la qalajiyey (tusaale ahaan, 60-80°C foornada convection muddo 1 saac ah) si looga hortago wasakhowga saliidda dielectric.

2. Nadiifinta Hawada iyo Xakamaynta Qiiqa

  • Habka Nadiifinta Marxaladaha Badan: Qabooji qiiqa heerkulka sare leh iyada oo loo marayo qalabka lagu beddelo kulaylka, ka dibna si isdaba joog ah ayuu ugu gudbiyaa kala-soocidda duufaanta (walxaha waaweyn), xoqidda alkaline (si loo dhexdhexaadiyo gaasaska aashitada), iyo munaaradda nuugista kaarboonka ee firfircoon (si looga saaro VOC). Daadinta kama dambaysta ah waxay dhacdaa iyada oo loo marayo xirmo qiiqa 15-mitir ah, taasoo hubinaysa in la waafajiyo shuruudahaHeerka Soo-saarista Wasakhowga Hawada ee Ilaha Guud(GB 16297-1996).
  • La socodka iyo Hagaajinta Khadka Tooska ah: Ku rakib dareemayaal walxaha qashinka ah iyo isku-darka VOC si ay si firfircoon u hagaajiyaan xuduudaha sida xalka xoqidda pH iyo waqtiyada beddelka kaarboonka ee firfircoon, iyagoo ilaalinaya isku-darka qiiqa ka hooseeya 120 mg/m³.

3. Tallaabooyinka Xakamaynta Kaaliyaha ah

  • Qoyaanka Walxaha: Mari walxaha xakameeya boodhka (tusaale ahaan, xalka polyacrylamide) kaydka macdanta iyo barkadaha dabada, adigoo ilaalinaya qoyaanka dusha sare 6-8% si loo yareeyo boodhka soo baxa.
  • Dayactirka Qalabka iyo Ilaalinta Shaqaalaha: Si joogto ah u nadiifi bacaha shaandhada, hubi shaabadda dhuumaha, oo ku qalabee hawlwadeennada qalabka neefsashada ee N95 iyo dharka aan boodhka ka soo bixin si loo yareeyo soo-gaadhista shaqada.

II. Daaweynta Elektrode-ka Qashinka ah ee Garaafiga: Isu-dheellitirka Soo-kabashada Kheyraadka iyo Tuurista Deegaanka

1. Daawaynta Jirka Kahor

  • Kala soocidda iyo Nadiifinta: Kala sooc elektroodhada nooca (tusaale ahaan, awood joogto ah, awood sare), ka saar wasakhda saliidda dusha sare iyo birta, oo nadiifi adigoo isticmaalaya mashiinno ultrasonic ah (soo noqnoqoshada 40 kHz) 10-15 daqiiqo.
  • Burburinta iyo Shaandhaynta: Isticmaal jajabiyeyaasha daanka si aad u yareyso elektroodhada ilaa walxaha ≤50 mm, ka dibna shaandheeya iyada oo loo marayo shaashado gariiraya. Hayso walxaha 5-50 mm si aad u soo saarto elektroodka dib loo soo nooleeyay.

2. Nadiifinta Kiimikada iyo Dib-u-soo-nooleynta

  • Garaafaynta Heerkulka Sare: Ku kululee walxaha foornada garaafka 2,800–3,000°C muddo 4–6 saacadood ah si looga saaro wasakhda kacsan (tusaale ahaan, baaruud, naytaroojiin), taasoo kor u qaadaysa kaarboonka go'an ilaa ≥99.5%.
  • Daadinta Aashitada si looga saaro wasakhda: Ku dhex geli walxaha la jajabiyey aashitada hydrochloric 15-20% heerkul ah 80-90°C muddo 2 saacadood ah si aad uga takhalusto aluminiumka, birta, iyo wasakhda kale ee birta ah. Ka takhalus shaandhada ka hor inta aan la daadin.

3. Dib-u-warshadaynta Elektrode-ka Alloy ee Gaarka ah

  • Kala-soocidda Elektrode-ka Platinum-Iridium: Elektrode-yada heerka caafimaadka ee ka kooban dahaarka platinum-iridium, ku milmi platinum-ka biyaha ku jira (80°C muddo 3 saacadood ah). Soo saar iridium iyada oo loo marayo electrolysis cusbo dhalaalay (Nidaamka NaCl-KCl oo ah 700°C) oo labadaba ku nadiifi 99.99% daahirnimo adoo isticmaalaya dhalaalka aagga.
  • Dib-u-soo-noolaynta Elektrode-ka Ku Salaysan Naxaasta: Burburi elektrode-ka naxaasta-garaafeetka ah ee qashinka ah, kala saar graphite (cufnaanta: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) iyo budada naxaasta (cufnaanta: 8.9 g/cm³) iyada oo loo marayo sabbeynta, oo budada naxaasta ah ku nadiifi naxaas saafi ah oo sare iyada oo loo marayo electrolysis (cufnaanta hadda: 200 A/m²).

III. Falanqaynta Tiknoolajiyada-Dhaqaalaha iyo Daraasadaha Kiisaska Warshadaha

1. Isbarbardhigga Kharashka-Faa'iidada

  • Shaandheeyayaasha Bacaha: Maalgashiga bilowga ah: ~ ¥ 500,000; kharashka hawlgalka: ¥ 0.2/m³ oo gaaska qiiqa ah. Ku habboon shirkadaha elektroodka graphite ee baaxadda weyn (mugga qiiqa sanadlaha ah ≥100,000 m³).
  • Nidaamyada Ururinta Boorka Qoyan: Maalgashiga qalabka: ¥200,000; kharashka xalka biyaha ku salaysan: ¥0.5/tan oo ah biyaha wasakhda ah. Ku habboon aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada yaryar ilaa kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.
  • Dib-u-soo-noolaynta Elektroodhka Qashinka ah: Tan kasta wuxuu soo saaraa 850 kg oo garaafit ah (qiimaha ¥3,000) iyo 150 kg oo bir ah (qiimaha ¥5,000), taasoo soo saarta ¥8,000 oo dakhli guud ah. Muddada dib-u-soo-celinta maalgashiga: 1.5-2 sano.

2. Daraasadaha Kiisaska Warshadaha

  • Shirkadda Hormoodka ah ee Elektrode-ka Graphite: Waxay qaadatay nidaam "静电袋式除尘器 (shaandhada bacda elektaroonigga ah) + munaaradda nuugista kaarboonka ee firfircoon", taasoo yaraynaysa qiiqa walxaha laga soo saaro 2,000 mg/m³ ilaa 15 mg/m³ isla markaana gaadhaysa 95% VOC. Ganaaxyada deegaanka ee sanadlaha ah ayaa hoos loo dhigay ¥2 milyan.
  • Warshadda Dib-u-warshadaynta Elektroodhka Caafimaadka: Waxaa dib loo soo celiyay biraha platinum-iridium ilaa 99.99% nadiif ah iyada oo loo marayo electrolysis cusbo dhalaalaysa, oo si toos ah loogu isticmaalo wax soo saarka qalabka wadnaha. Waxaa la keydiyay ¥1.2 milyan halkii tan oo elektroodhada qashinka ah kharashaadka alaabta ceeriin ah.

IV. Tilmaamaha Siyaasadda iyo Sharciyeynta

  • Heerarka Qiiqa: U hoggaansanowHeerka Soo-saarista Wasakhowga Warshadaha Graphite(GB 31573-2015), taasoo waajibinaysa qiiqa walxaha ≤30 mg/m³ iyo VOCs ≤100 mg/m³.
  • Dhiirigelinta Soo Celinta Kheyraadka: Dhiirigeli qaadashadaFaahfaahinta Farsamo ee Loogu Talagalay Dib-u-warshadaynta Electrodes-ka Qashinka(GB/T 35164-2017) oo leh dhiirigelin canshuureed (tusaale ahaan, 70% VAT-ga dib loogu soo celiyo alaabada graphite-ka ee dib loo soo celiyay).
  • Xeerarka Badbaadada: RaacXeerka Badbaadada Ka Hortagga Qaraxyada Boorka(GB 15577-2018), oo u baahan aaladaha gargaarka qaraxyada (cadaadiska: 0.01–0.02 MPa) iyo baaritaanno dhulka ah oo joogto ah oo elektrostatic ah oo loogu talagalay nidaamyada ka saarista boodhka.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-14-2025