Waa maxay diiradda ugu weyn ee shuruudaha tusmada ee kookaha batroolka ee garaafka leh ee goobaha kala duwan ee codsiyada (sida anodes-ka baytariga lithium iyo cathodes-ka aluminium)?

Shuruudaha Tusmada Kala Duwan ee Coke-ka Batroolka ee Graphitized ee Laba Meelood oo Muhiim ah oo lagu Codsado: Anodes-ka Baytariga Lithium-ion iyo Kathodes-ka Aluminium

Shuruudaha tusmada ee kookaha batroolka ee garaafka lagu sameeyay waxay muujinayaan kala duwanaansho muhiim ah oo ku saabsan halabuurka kiimikada, qaab-dhismeedka jireed, iyo waxqabadka elektiroonigga ah ee ku saabsan anodes-ka baytariyada lithium-ion iyo katoodhada aluminiumka. Mudnaanta ugu muhiimsan waxaa lagu soo koobay sidan soo socota:

I. Batariga Lithium-ion Anodes: Waxqabadka Elektrokiimikada oo ah Xudunta, iyadoo la tixgelinayo Xasilloonida Dhismaha

1. Maaddada Sulfur-ka oo Yar (<0.5%)
   Hadhaaga sulfur-ka ayaa sababi kara isku-soo-ururin iyo ballaarinta kiristaalka inta lagu jiro graphitization-ka, taasoo keenta jabka elektroodka. Intaa waxaa dheer, sulfur-ku wuxuu sii deyn karaa gaasas heerkul sare, isagoo waxyeeleynaya filimka isku-dhafka elektrooliga adag (SEI) wuxuuna horseedi karaa luminta awoodda aan la soo celin karin. Tusaale ahaan, GB/T 24533-2019 wuxuu farayaa xakamaynta adag ee maadada sulfur ee graphite ee loo isticmaalo anodes-ka baytariyada lithium-ion.
2. Dambas Yar (≤0.15%)
   Wasakhda birta ah ee ku jirta dambaska (tusaale ahaan, soodhiyam, birta) waxay kicisaa kala-baxa elektrolytka, taasoo dedejinaysa burburka baytariga. Wasakhda soodhiyamku waxay sidoo kale kicin kartaa oksaydheynta malabka anode, taasoo yaraynaysa cimriga wareegga. Garaafitka saafiga ah wuxuu u baahan yahay hab "saddex-sare" ah (heerkulka sare, cadaadiska sare, walxaha ceeriin ee saafiga ah) si loo yareeyo heerka dambaska ee ka hooseeya 0.15%.
3. Crystallinity Sare iyo Habayn Jihaysan
   • Cufnaanta Runta Sare: Waxay ka tarjumaysaa kiristaalka garaafka; cufnaanta dhabta ah ee sare waxay hubisaa kanaallada loo kala horreeyo gelinta/soo saarista lithium-ion, taasoo kor u qaadaysa waxqabadka heerka.
   • Isu-dheellitirka Ballaarinta Kulaylka Hoose: Kookaha irbadda, oo leh qaab-dhismeedkiisa fiilooyinka leh, wuxuu muujiyaa isku-dheellitirka ballaarinta kulaylka 30% ka hooseeya kookaha isbuunyada, taasoo yaraynaysa ballaarinta mugga inta lagu jiro wareegyada dallacaadda/daadinta (tusaale ahaan, anisotropic graphite wuxuu ku fidaa dhidibka C, taasoo keenta barar baytari).
4. Cabbirka Walxaha Isku Dheelitiran iyo Bedka Dusha Gaarka ah
   • Qaybinta Cabbirka Walxaha Balladhan: Xuduudaha D10, D50, iyo D90 ee la hagaajiyay waxay awood u siinayaan walxaha yaryar inay buuxiyaan meelaha bannaan ee u dhexeeya kuwa waaweyn, taasoo hagaajinaysa cufnaanta tuubada (cufnaanta tuubada oo sarreysa waxay kordhisaa rarista walxaha firfircoon ee mugga cutubkiiba, inkastoo heerarka xad-dhaafka ah ay yareeyaan qoyaanka elektrolytka).
   • Bedka Dusha Sare ee Gaarka ah ee Dhexdhexaadka ah: Bedka dusha sare ee gaarka ah (>10 m²/g) wuxuu gaabiyaa waddooyinka socdaalka lithium-ion, isagoo kor u qaadaya waxqabadka heerka, laakiin wuxuu ballaarinayaa bedka filimka SEI, isagoo hoos u dhigaya waxtarka coulombic-ka bilowga ah (ICE).
5. Waxtarka Sare ee Bilawga ah ee Coulombic (≥92.6%)
   Yaraynta isticmaalka lithium inta lagu jiro sameynta SEI inta lagu jiro wareegga ugu horreeya ee dallacaadda/sii deynta ayaa muhiim u ah ilaalinta cufnaanta tamarta sare. Heerarka waxay u baahan yihiin awood siideyn bilow ah oo ≥350.0 mAh/g ah iyo ICE ≥92.6%.

II. Katoodhada Aluminium: Qaboojinta iyo iska caabbinta Shoogga Kulaylka oo ah Mudnaanta Muhiimka ah

1. Xakamaynta Waxyaabaha Sulfur ee Darajada leh
   • Kookaha sulfur-ka hooseeya (S < 0.8%): Waxaa loo isticmaalaa elektroodhada garaafka ee heerka sare ah si looga hortago bararka gaaska ee sulfur-ku keeno iyo dildilaaca inta lagu jiro sameynta birta, taasoo yaraynaysa isticmaalka birta halkii tan (tusaale ahaan, hal shirkad ayaa hoos u dhigtay isticmaalka anode 12% iyadoo la isticmaalayo kookaha sulfur-ka hooseeya).
   • Kookaha dhexdhexaadka ah ee sulfur (S 2%–4%): Ku habboon anodyada elektroliska aluminiumka, dheelitirka kharashka iyo waxqabadka.
2. Dulqaadka Dambaska Sare (oo leh Xakameyn Gaar ah oo Nadaafad ah)
   Maaddada vanadium ee dambaska ku jirta waa inay ahaataa ≤0.03% si looga fogaado hoos u dhac xilliyeed ah oo ku yimaada waxtarka elektroliska aluminiumka. Wasakhda soodhiyamku waxay u baahan tahay xakameyn adag si looga hortago oksaydhka malabka anode.
3. Crystallinity Sare iyo Iska caabinta Shoogga Kulaylka
   Coke-ga irbadda ayaa loo door bidaa qaab-dhismeedkiisa fiber-ka leh, kaas oo bixiya cufnaan sare, xoog, ablation hoose, iyo iska caabin shoogga kulaylka oo aad u fiican, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa inay u adkaysato isbeddellada kulaylka ee soo noqnoqda inta lagu jiro elektrolisis-ka aluminiumka. Isu-dheellitirka ballaarinta kulaylka oo hooseeya wuxuu yareeyaa burburka dhismaha, isagoo dheereynaya cimriga cathode-ka.
4. Cabbirka walxaha iyo Xoogga Farsamada
   • Qaybaha Burburka ee la doorbidayo: Waxay yareysaa maadada budada kookaha si looga hortago jabitaanka inta lagu jiro rarista iyo kalsiyumaynta, taasoo hubinaysa adkeysiga farsamada.
   • Saamiga Sare ee Coke-ga Calcined: 70% coke-ga calcined waxaa loo isticmaalaa anodes-ka elektrolysis-ka aluminium si loo xoojiyo gudbinta iyo iska caabbinta daxalka.
5. Koronto-qaadis Sare
   Elektroodhada irbadda ee coke waxay qaadi karaan 100,000 A currents, taasoo gaarsiisa hufnaanta sameynta birta oo ah 25 daqiiqo foorno kasta iyo gudbinta saddex jeer ka badan kookaha caadiga ah, taasoo si weyn hoos ugu dhigaysa isticmaalka tamarta.

III. Soo Koobidda Kala duwanaanshaha Aasaasiga ah

IV. Isbeddellada Warshadaha

• Batariga Lithium-ion Anodes: Kook cusub oo qaab-dhismeed nukliyeer ah (qaab-dhismeedka radial) iyo kook calcined-modified pitch-modified (kor u qaadida cimriga wareegga anode-ka kaarboonka adag) ayaa ah meelaha cilmi-baarista ee soo baxaya si loo sii wanaajiyo cufnaanta tamarta iyo waxqabadka wareegga.
• Katoodhada Aluminium: Baahida sii kordheysa ee elektroodhada coke ee cabirka weyn ee 750 mm iyo coke-ka dhexdhexaadka ah ee loogu talagalay shiididda carbide-ka silicon waxay ku kalifaysaa horumarinta agabka inay gaarto heer sare oo ah gudbinta iyo iska caabbinta xirashada.