Soo koobid:Qoraagu wuxuu falanqeynayaa wax soo saarka coke irbadda iyo xaaladda isticmaalka dalkeenna, rajada laga qabo codsigeeda graphite electrode iyo alaabada elektiroonigga ah ee rajada warshadaha, si loo barto caqabadaha horumarinta coke cirbadda saliidda, oo ay ku jiraan kheyraadka alaabta ceeriin ayaa ah gabaabsi, tayada maaha mid sare, wareeg dheer iyo qiimaynta codsiga awood-dhaafka ah, kordhinta cilmi-baarista qaybinta alaabta, codsiga, cabbiraadaha waxqabadka, sida daraasadaha ururrada si loo horumariyo suuqa-dhamaadka sare.
Sida laga soo xigtay ilaha kala duwan ee alaabta ceeriin, coke irbadda waxaa loo qaybin karaa coke cirbadda saliidda iyo kookaha irbadda dhuxusha.Coke irbadda saliidda waxaa inta badan laga sameeyaa dareeraha FCC iyada oo la sifeynayo, hydrodesulfurization, kookaynta daahitaanka iyo calcination.Nidaamku waa mid aad u adag oo leh nuxur farsamo oo sarreeya.Coke irbaddu waxay leedahay sifooyinka kaarboon sare, baaruud hooseeya, nitrogen hooseeya, dambas hooseeya iyo wixii la mid ah, waxayna leedahay sifooyin koronto oo heersare ah iyo qalab farsamo ka dib garaafaynta.Waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha kaarboon-dhamaadka sare ee anisotropic oo leh garaafid sahlan.
Coke irbadda waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa ultra power graphite electrode, iyo lithium ion batari cathode, sida "carbon peak", "dhexdhexaad kaarboon" ujeeddooyinka istiraatijiyadeed, dalalku waxay sii wadaan kor u qaadista birta iyo birta iyo warshadaha baabuurta iyo hagaajinta qaabdhismeedka warshadaha. hagaajinta iyo kor u qaadida codsiga tamarta badbaadinta kaarboon hooseeya iyo tignoolajiyada ilaalinta deegaanka cagaaran, si kor loogu qaado birta foornada foornada korantada iyo horumarka degdega ah ee baabuurta tamarta cusub, Baahida loo qabo coke irbad cayriin ayaa sidoo kale si degdeg ah u koraysa.Mustaqbalka, warshadaha hoose ee coke irbadda ayaa weli noqon doona mid barwaaqo badan.Mawduucan wuxuu falanqeynayaa heerka codsiga iyo rajada coke cirbadda ee elektiroonigga graphite iyo walxaha anode, wuxuuna soo bandhigayaa caqabadaha iyo tallaabooyinka kahortaga horumarka caafimaadka leh ee warshadaha coke irbadda.
1. Falanqaynta wax soo saarka iyo jihada socodka ee coke cirbadda
1.1 Soo saarista coke irbadda
Wax soo saarka coke irbadda ayaa inta badan ku urursan dhowr waddan sida Shiinaha, Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Koonfurta Kuuriya iyo Japan.Sannadkii 2011, awoodda wax-soo-saarka caalamiga ah ee kookaha irbadda waxay ahayd 1200kt/a, taas oo awoodda wax-soo-saarka Shiinaha ay ahayd 250kt/a, waxaana jiray afar shirkadood oo Shiinees ah oo keliya.Marka la gaaro 2021, marka loo eego tirakoobka Macluumaadka Sinfern, awoodda wax-soo-saarka caalamiga ah ee kookaha cirbadda waxay kordhin doontaa ilaa 3250kt/a, iyo awoodda wax-soo-saarka coke cirbadaha ee Shiinaha waxay kordhin doontaa ilaa 2240kt/a, taasoo ka dhigan 68.9% adduunka oo dhan. Awoodda wax-soo-saarka, iyo tirada soo-saareyaasha coke-ga ee Shiinaha waxay kordhin doontaa 21.
Shaxda 1 waxay muujinaysaa awoodda wax-soo-saarka 10-ka ugu sarreeya ee soo saarayaasha coke-ga irbadda ee adduunka, oo leh wadarta wax-soo-saarka 2130kt/a, oo lagu xisaabtamayo 65.5% awoodda wax-soo-saarka caalamiga ah.Marka la eego awoodda wax-soo-saarka caalamiga ah ee shirkadaha coke coke cirbadaha taxanaha saliidda guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin miisaan xad dhaaf ah, celceliska awoodda wax soo saarka hal warshad waa 100 ~ 200kt / a, dhuxul taxane ah oo irbad coke ah oo kaliya ayaa ku saabsan 50kT / a.
Dhawrka sano ee soo socda, awoodda wax-soo-saarka coke cirbadaha caalamiga ah way sii wadi doontaa inay korodho, laakiin inta badan Shiinaha.Awoodda wax-soo-saarka cirbadda coke ee la qorsheeyay iyo dhismaheeda waa ilaa 430kT/a, xaaladda awood-dhaafka ahna waa ka sii daraysaa.Shiinaha ka baxsan, awoodda kookaha cirbadda asal ahaan waa mid deggan, iyadoo warshadda sifaysa ee Ruushka ee OMSK ay qorsheyneyso inay dhisto 38kt/cutub kookeedka irbadda sanadka 2021.
Jaantuska 1 wuxuu muujinayaa wax soo saarka coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha 5tii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Sida laga arki karo jaantuska 1, wax soo saarka coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha ayaa gaadhay korriin qarxa, iyada oo kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku dhafan uu yahay 45% 5 sano gudahood.2020, wadarta wax soo saarka coke irbadda ee Shiinaha ayaa gaadhay 517kT, oo ay ku jiraan 176kT oo taxane ah oo dhuxul ah iyo 341kT oo taxane saliid ah.
1.2 Soo dejinta coke irbadda
Jaantuska 2 wuxuu muujinayaa xaalada soo dejinta ee coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha 5tii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Sida laga arki karo Jaantuska 2, ka hor inta uusan dillaacin COVID-19, mugga soo dejinta ee coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha ayaa si aad ah u kordhay, taasoo gaartay 270kT sanadka 2019, rikoor sare.Sannadka 2020, sababta oo ah qiimaha sarreeya ee coke cirbadda la soo dejiyo, tartanka oo hoos u dhacay, agabka dekedda weyn, iyo kor u qaadista faafitaanka joogtada ah ee cudurrada faafa ee Yurub iyo Mareykanka, mugga soo dejinta Shiinaha ee kookaha irbadda ee 2020 wuxuu ahaa 132kt oo keliya, hoos u dhac 51% ah. sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, kookaha irbadda ee la soo dejiyay 2020, kookaha irbadda saliidda waxay ahayd 27.5kT, hoos 82.93% sannadkii;Dhuxusha ayaa lagu qiyaasaa irbadda coke 104.1kt, 18.26% in ka badan sanadkii hore, sababta ugu weyn ayaa ah in gaadiidka badda ee Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed uu saameyn yar ku yeesho cudurka faafa, marka labaad, qiimaha qaar ka mid ah badeecadaha Japan iyo South Korea ayaa ka hooseeya taas. ee alaabta la midka ah ee Shiinaha, iyo mugga amarka hoose waa weyn yahay.
1.3 jihada codsiga ee coke irbadda
Coke irbadu waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha kaarboon-dhamaadka sare leh, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo sida alaabta ceeriin ee wax soo saarka ultra-high power graphite electrode iyo qalabka garaafiga macmalka ah ee anode.Goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee codsiga terminalka waa koronto samaynta birta foornada iyo baytariyada tamarta ee baabuurta tamarta cusub.
FIG3 waxay muujinaysaa isbeddelka codsiga ee coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha 5tii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Electrode graphite waa goobta ugu weyn ee codsiga, iyo heerka kobaca baahida waxay gashaa marxalad siman, halka walxaha korantada xun ay sii wadaan inay si degdeg ah u koraan.Sannadka 2020, wadarta guud ee isticmaalka kookaha irbadda ee Shiinaha (ay ku jirto isticmaalka alaabada) waxay ahayd 740kT, kuwaas oo 340kT oo ah walxo taban iyo 400kt oo ah elektiroonigga graphite la isticmaalay, taasoo ka dhigan 45% isticmaalka walxaha taban.
2.1 Horumarinta eAF birta samaynta
Warshadaha birta iyo birta ayaa ah kuwa ugu weyn ee soo saara qiiqa kaarboonka ee Shiinaha.Waxaa jira laba hab oo wax-soo-saarka ugu muhiimsan ee birta iyo birta: foornada qarxinta iyo foornada arc koronto.Waxaa ka mid ah, samaynta birta foornada korontada ku shaqeysa waxay yareyn kartaa qiiqa kaarboonka 60%, waxayna xaqiijin kartaa dib-u-warshadaynta kheyraadka birta ee qashinka waxayna yareyn kartaa ku tiirsanaanta soo dejinta birta.Warshadaha birta iyo birta ayaa soo jeediyay in ay hogaanka u qabtaan si loo gaaro yoolka "carbon peak" iyo "dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboon" 2025. Iyadoo la raacayo hagidda siyaasadda warshadaha birta iyo birta qaranka, waxaa jiri doona tiro badan oo dhirta birta ah si loo beddelo beddele iyo foornada qarxinta birta foornada arc koronto leh.
Sanadka 2020, wax soo saarka birta ceeriin ee Shiinaha waa 1054.4mt, taas oo wax soo saarka birta eAF ku saabsan tahay 96Mt, oo ka dhigan kaliya 9.1% wadarta guud ee birta ceeriin, marka la barbar dhigo 18% celceliska adduunka, 67% ee Maraykanka, 39 % Midowga Yurub, iyo 22% ee birta EAF ee Japan, waxaa jira meel weyn oo horumar ah.Marka loo eego qabyo qoraalka "Hagidda Horumarinta tayada sare leh ee Warshadaha Birta iyo Birta" oo ay soo saartay Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada Diseembar 31, 2020, saamiga wax soo saarka birta eAF ee wadarta wax soo saarka birta ceyriinka ah waa in la kordhiyaa ilaa 15 % ~ 20% marka la gaaro 2025. Kordhinta wax soo saarka birta eAF waxay si weyn u kordhin doontaa baahida loo qabo koronto garaafyada aadka u sarreeya.Isbeddelka horumarinta foornada dabka ee guriga ayaa ah mid aad u sarreeya oo baaxad weyn, taas oo soo bandhigaysa baahi weyn oo loogu talagalay qeexitaan weyn iyo koronto garaafyo ah oo ultra-sare ah.
2.2 Heerka wax soo saarka ee korantada graphite
Electrode graphite waa lagama maarmaanka u ah isticmaalka birta eAF.Jaantuska 4 wuxuu muujinayaa awoodda wax-soo-saarka iyo wax-soo-saarka graphite electrode ee Shiinaha 5-tii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Awoodda wax-soo-saarka ee korantada garaafyada ayaa ka korodhay 1050kT/a sanadka 2016 ilaa 2200kt/a sanadka 2020, iyada oo korodhka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku dhafan ee 15.94%.Shantan sano waa muddada koritaanka degdega ah ee awoodda wax soo saarka graphite, iyo sidoo kale wareegga socda ee horumarinta degdegga ah ee warshadaha electrode graphite.Ka hor 2017, warshadaha graphite electrode sida warshadaha wax soo saarka dhaqameed la isticmaalka tamarta sare iyo wasakhowga sare, shirkadaha waaweyn ee graphite gudaha yaraynta wax soo saarka, shirkadaha yar yar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaad ah graphite electrode waji xidhitaan, iyo xataa Rafaa electrode caalami ah in ay joojiyaan wax soo saarka. dib u iibi oo bixi2017, oo ay saameyn ku yeelatay oo ay dhaqaajisay siyaasadda maamulka qaranka ee qasabka ah ee baabi'inta "birta sagxadda dhulka", qiimaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa kor u kacay.Kicinta faa'iidada xad-dhaafka ah, suuqa graphite electrode wuxuu keenay mowjadda dib u soo celinta awoodda iyo ballaarinta.
Sannadka 2019, wax soo saarka graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa gaadhay heer cusub sannadihii u dambeeyay, isagoo gaadhay 1189kT.2020, wax soo saarka graphite electrode hoos ayuu u dhacay ilaa 1020kT sababtoo ah baahida daciifka ah ee uu sababay cudurka faafa.Laakiin guud ahaan, warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa leh awood xad dhaaf ah, iyo heerka isticmaalka ayaa hoos uga dhacay 70% 2017 ilaa 46% sanadka 2020, oo ah heer cusub oo ka faa'ideysiga awood hoose.
2.3 Falanqaynta dalabka coke cirbadda ee warshadaha korantada garaafyada
Horumarinta birta eAF waxay kaxayn doontaa baahida loo qabo korantada garaafyada aadka u sarreeya.Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in baahida loo qabo koronto-garaafeedku ay noqon doonto ilaa 1300kt sanadka 2025, iyo baahida loo qabo kookaha irbadda cayriin waxay noqon doontaa ilaa 450kT.Sababtoo ah wax soo saarka ee cabbirka weyn iyo ultra-sare graphite electrode iyo wadajirka, coke irbad saliid ku salaysan waa ka wanaagsan yahay coke irbad dhuxusha ku salaysan, saamiga baahida graphite electrode ee coke irbad saliid ku salaysan waa la sii kordhin doonaa, mashquulin booska suuqa ee coke irbad dhuxul ku salaysan.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-23-2022