Doorka Muhiimka ah iyo Falanqaynta Coke-ga Batroolka ee Graphitized ee Foornada Korantada (EAF) Habka Gaaban iyo Samaynta Birta Kaarboon Yar
I. Agabka Cayriin ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Elektroodhada Graphite, oo Taageeraya Hawlgalka Waxtarka leh ee Habka Gaaban ee EAF
1. Astaamaha Walxaha Cayriin iyo Iswaafajinta Habka Koke-ga batroolka ee la sawiray waa badeeco laga soo qaatay koke-ga batroolka ee lagu sawiray garaafis heerkul ka badan 2,500°C, taasoo qaab-dhismeedkeeda kiristaalka ka beddesha xaalad aan qaab lahayn una beddesha qaab garaafis oo aad loo nidaamiyay. Waxay muujisaa koronto-qaadis sare, kuleyl-qaadis sare, iska caabin kulayl oo aad u daran (oo u adkaysata heerkulka ka sarreeya 3,000°C), iyo xasillooni kiimiko. Sifooyinkani waxay ka dhigayaan walxo cayriin oo ku habboon soo saarista elektroodhada garaafis, kuwaas oo ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee sameeya birta EAF.
2. Horumarinta Waxtarka ee Samaynta Birta Habka Gaaban Habka Gaaban ee EAF wuxuu inta badan isticmaalaa birta qashinka ah sida quudin, isagoo si toos ah u dhalaalinaya oo wasakhda ka saaraya qaansooyinka korontada ee ay soo saaraan elektroodhada garaafka. Marka la barbardhigo habka dheer ee foornada oksijiinta ee caadiga ah ee foornada qaraxa-aasaasiga ah (BF-BOF) (oo u baahan macdanta birta iyo dhuxusha kookaynta), habka gaagaaban ee EAF wuxuu meesha ka saarayaa marxaladda sameynta birta, isagoo yareynaya dhererka habka in ka badan 60%, yareynaya isticmaalka tamarta ku dhawaad 60%, iyo hoos u dhigista qiiqa CO₂ qiyaastii 80%. Elektroodhada garaafka ee waxqabadka sare leh ee ku salaysan kookaynta batroolka ee sawir-gacmeedka leh ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara habkan:
- Koronto-qaadis Sare: Waxay yareysaa khasaaraha tamarta korontada, waxay kor u qaadaysaa hufnaanta kulaylka, waxayna gaabinaysaa wareegyada dhalaalinta (tusaale ahaan, EAF-yada quantum waxay yareeyaan waqtiga dhalaalinta 50% marka loo eego hababka caadiga ah).
- Iska caabbinta Kulaylka: Waxay u adkaysataa heerkulka xad-dhaafka ah ee gudaha EAF-yada, iyadoo yareysa isticmaalka elektroodka (tusaale ahaan, eco-EAF-yadu waxay yareeyaan isticmaalka elektroodka 57.5% marka loo eego foornooyinka dhaqameed).
- Xasiloonida Kiimikada: Waxay ka hortagtaa falcelinta u dhaxaysa elektroodhada iyo birta dhalaalaysa ama slag, taasoo hubinaysa daahirnimada birta.
II. Wadista Samaynta Birta Kaarboon Yar: Isbeddel Cagaaran oo laga bilaabo Agabka Ceyrin ilaa Habraacyada
1. Beddelidda Shidaalka Fosilka si loo Yareeyo Qiiqa Kaarboonka Habka dheer ee dhaqameed wuxuu si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay dhuxusha sidii shidaal iyo wakiil yareeya, taasoo keenta xoog kaarboon oo sare. Taas bedelkeeda, habka gaaban ee EAF wuxuu adeegsadaa birta qashinka ah iyo korontada sidii isha tamarta, isagoo gaaraya beddelka "dhuxul-ilaa-koronto" iyada oo loo marayo elektroodhada graphite ee batroolka ee graphitized coke. Haddii ay ku shaqeyso tamar la cusboonaysiin karo (tusaale ahaan, qorraxda ama dabaysha), qiiqa kaarboon ee ku dhow eber ayaa suurtogal noqon kara. Tusaale ahaan, eco-EAFs waxay adeegsadaan tamar cagaaran si ay u uriyaan walxaha ceeriin ee kaarboon yar, iyagoo soo saaraya billets bir ah oo leh teknoolojiyada "aan ku lug lahayn kaarboon" iyo ku dhawaad eber qiiqa CO₂.
2. Soo kabashada Kululaynta Qashinka iyo Hagaajinta Waxtarka Tamarta Korantada kulaylka sare ee kookaha batroolka ee graphitized waxay taageertaa hirgelinta nidaamyada soo kabashada kulaylka qashinka ee EAFs. Gaasaska qiiqa ee heerkulka sare leh ee ay ku jiraan boodhka (qaadista 11-20% tamarta la geliyo) waxay soo ceshan karaan kulaylka iyada oo loo marayo elektroodhada graphite ama beddelayaasha kulaylka ee loogu talagalay kuleylinta hore ama soo saarista korontada, taasoo si weyn u yareynaysa isticmaalka tamarta. Tusaale ahaan, tiknoolajiyada horay u kululaynta qashinka waxay kor u qaadaysaa heerkulka qashinka laga bilaabo jawiga ilaa in ka badan 600°C, iyadoo soo gaabinaysa wareegyada dhalaalinta 15-20% iyo yareynta isticmaalka korontada halkii tan oo bir ah 36.95-40.22%.
3. Horumarinta Isticmaalka Wareega ah ee Khayraadka Birta Qashinka ah Habka gaaban ee EAF, oo ay ku shaqeyso kookaha batroolka ee garaafka leh, ayaa warshadaha birta ka beddesha qaabka toosan ee "kheyraadka-alaabta-qashinka" una beddesha qaab wareegsan oo "kheyraadka-alaabta-dib-u-warshadayn" ah. Marka la gaaro 2024, shirkadaha hormuudka ah waxay gaareen wax soo saar ballaaran oo bir ah oo aad u khafiifsan, oo aad u xoog badan oo baabuurta ah, iyagoo daboolaya baahiyaha fududaynta iyadoo la isku dheelitirayo kharashka iyo faa'iidooyinka deegaanka ee "birta cagaaran."
III. Casriyeynta Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Isbeddellada Suuqa: Qiimaha "Cawlan" ee Batrool-ka Graphitized Coke ayaa iftiimaya
1. Baahida sii kordheysa ee Badeecadaha Waxqabadka Sare leh Iyadoo awoodda EAF ay sii ballaaraneyso (tusaale ahaan, foornooyinka ka badan 400 tan) iyo tiknoolajiyada dhalaalinta ay sii horumareyso (tusaale ahaan, EAF-yada quantum, eco-EAF-yada), baahida loo qabo elektroodhada graphite ee tayada sare leh ayaa kordheysa. Coke-ka batroolka ee la sawiray, oo ah walxo cayriin oo muhiim ah, wuxuu wajahayaa tartan sare oo ku saabsan daahirnimada (ka kooban dambaska <0.5%), dahaadhyo badan (3-4 wareeg), iyo garaafka heerkulka aadka u sarreeya (iska caabinta <4 μΩ·m).
2. Isdhexgalka Caymiska Cagaaran iyo Silsiladda Sahayda Iyada oo la raacayo yoolalka "laba-kaarboon" ee Shiinaha, soosaarayaasha kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray ayaa yareeya raadadka kaarboonka iyada oo loo marayo soo saarista tamarta cagaaran iyo ganacsiga kaarboonka, iyagoo kasbanaya "qiimaha caymiska cagaaran" isla markaana soo jiidanaya macaamiil heer sare ah oo caalami ah. Shirkadaha hormuudka ah ayaa sidoo kale si toosan u fidaya si ay u sameeyaan wareegyo warshadeed oo isku dhafan oo ku baahsan "alaabada ceeriin ee kookaha-garaafikada-anode," xasilinta silsiladaha sahayda iyo dhimista kharashyada.
3. Siyaasadaha iyo Kobaca Suuq-ku-saleysan sida Tilmaamaha Shiinaha ee ku saabsan Horumarinta Tayada Sare ee Warshadaha Birta ayaa si cad u dhiirrigelinaya qaadashada EAF, iyadoo saamiga sameynta birta ee EAF la saadaalinayo inuu si weyn u kordho marka la gaaro 2025. Maadaama ay tahay agab asaasi ah oo loogu talagalay EAFs, kookaha batroolka ee garaafka leh wuxuu arki doonaa koboc suuq oo joogto ah, taasoo warshadaha u horseedaysa waxqabad sare iyo qiiqa oo hooseeya.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-14-2026