Cnooc (Qingdao) Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Tiknoolajiyada ee Farsamaynta Saliida Culus ee Co., LTD
Farsamada Dayactirka Qalabka, Caddadka 32, 2021
Abstract: Horumarka joogtada ah ee sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada Shiinaha ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. Isla markaana, waxay si hufan u xoojisay xoogeena dhaqaale iyo guud ahaan xoogga dalka. Sida qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah habka birta wareegga wareegga, kookaha irbadda waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista elektrodes graphite. Waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa soo saarista batariyada lithium, iyo sidoo kale warshadaha tamarta nukliyeerka iyo goobaha duulista. Iyada oo kor u qaadida asalka sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, hagaajinta joogtada ah iyo hagaajinta tignoolajiyada birta foornada korontada ayaa kor loo qaaday, iyo heerarka u dhigma iyo shuruudaha coke irbadda ee cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta iyo habka wax-soo-saarka ayaa si joogto ah loo cusbooneysiiyay, si ay ugu hoggaansamaan shuruudaha horumarinta wax soo saarka bulshada. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay alaabta ceeriin ee kala duwan ee loo isticmaalo habka wax soo saarka, kookaha irbada ayaa loo qaybiyaa taxane batrool iyo taxane dhuxul ah. Marka loo eego natiijooyinka codsiga gaarka ah, waxaa la arki karaa in taxanaha batroolka coke cirbadda uu leeyahay hawlo kiimiko oo ka xoog badan taxanaha dhuxusha. Warqadan, waxaan ku baraneynaa xaaladda hadda jirta ee suuqa-dur-saarista shidaalka iyo dhibaatooyinka ku jira cilmi-baarista iyo habka wax-soo-saarka tignoolajiyada ku habboon, waxaanan falanqeyneynaa dhibaatooyinka horumarinta wax-soo-saarka iyo dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee la xidhiidha irbadda-fiirsashada.
I. Hordhac
Coke irbadu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wax soo saarka graphite electrode. Laga soo bilaabo xaalada horumarineed ee hadda jira, wadamada shisheeye ee horumaray sida Maraykanka iyo Japan waxay bilaabeen inay hore u bilaabaan cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta iyo soo saarista kookaha irbadda, adeegsiga tignoolajiyada ku habboon waxay u janjeersadeen inay noqdaan kuwo qaan-gaar ah, waxayna si fiican u yaqaaneen farsamada wax soo saarka ee kookaha irbadda. Marka la barbardhigo, cilmi-baarista madaxbannaan iyo wax-soo-saarka irbadda ee diiradda saliidda waxay bilaabataa goor dambe. Laakiin iyada oo horumarinta joogtada ah ee dhaqaalaha suuqa our, kor u qaadida ballaarinta dhamaystiran ee beeraha kala duwan ee warshadaha, cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta irbadda ee diiradda saliid ayaa horumariyo sannadihii la soo dhaafay, xaqiijinta wax soo saarka warshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli waxa jira nusqaamo xagga tayada iyo isticmaalka waxtarka leh marka la barbar dhigo badeecadaha la soo dejiyo. Sidaa darteed, waa lagama maarmaan in la caddeeyo heerka horumarka suuqa ee hadda iyo dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee nidaamka batroolka.
Ii. Horudhac iyo falanqayn ku saabsan adeegsiga tignoolajiyada coke cirbadda batroolka
(1) Falanqaynta heerka horumarka hadda jira ee coke irbadda batroolka gudaha iyo dibadda
Tignoolajiyada coke cirbadda batroolka waxay ka soo bilaabatay Mareykanka 1950-meeyadii. Laakiin dalkeennu si rasmi ah ayuu u furan yahay
Cilmi-baadhista tignoolajiyada iyo wax-soo-saarka kookaha loo baahan yahay ee batroolka ayaa bilaabmay horraantii 1980-aadkii. Iyadoo la raacayo taageerada siyaasadda qaranka ee cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada, machadyada cilmi-baarista Shiinaha waxay bilaabeen inay sameeyaan tijaabooyin kala duwan oo ku saabsan baahida batroolka ee kookaha waxayna si joogto ah u sahamiyaan una baaraan habab kala duwan oo tijaabo ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, 1990-meeyadii, waddankeenu wuxuu dhammaystiray cilmi-baaris badan oo tijaabo ah oo ku saabsan diyaarinta nidaamka batroolka ee irbadda, waxaana la dalbaday tignoolajiyada ku habboon. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo la taageerayo siyaasadaha qaranka ee khuseeya, Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee gudaha iyo shirkadaha la xidhiidha ayaa maalgeliyay cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta waxayna kor u qaadeen horumarinta wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka warshadaha. Heerka cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada irbad-coke batroolka ayaa sidoo kale si joogto ah u soo hagaagaysa. Sababta ugu weyn ee dhacdadan ayaa ah in ay jirto baahi weyn oo gudaha ah oo loogu talagalay irbad-coke batroolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta iyo wax-soo-saarka ma dabooli karaan baahida suuqa, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah suuqa gudaha waxaa ku jira alaabooyinka dibadda laga keeno. Marka la eego xaaladda horumarineed ee hadda jirta, in kasta oo diiradda iyo feejignaanta hadda loo hayo cilmi-baadhista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada irbadda-focus-batroolka ay sii kordhayaan, marka la eego heerka cilmi-baadhista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada, waxa jira caqabado ka dhigaya in tignoolajiyada ay khusayso cilmi-baadhis iyo caqabado hor-u-socod ah, taas oo horseedaysa farqiga weyn ee u dhexeeya dalkeena iyo waddamada horumaray.
(2) Falanqaynta farsamada farsamada ee shirkadaha coke ee irbadda shidaalka gudaha
Iyada oo ku saleysan falanqaynta tayada wax soo saarka gudaha iyo dibadda iyo saamaynta codsiga, waxaa la arki karaa in farqiga u dhexeeya tayada coke irbadda batroolka ay inta badan sabab u tahay farqiga u dhexeeya labada index ee iskudhafka ballaarinta kulaylka iyo qaybinta size qayb, taas oo ka tarjumaysa farqiga u tayada alaabta [1]. Farqiga tayada waxaa inta badan sababa dhibaatooyinka wax soo saarka ee habka wax soo saarka. Marka lagu daro habka wax-soo-saarka gaarka ah iyo habka ku jira coke cirbadda batroolka, tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka xudunta u ah ayaa inta badan loogu talagalay heerka daawaynta ee alaabta ceeriin. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaliya Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) iyo Jinzhou Petrochemical ayaa xaqiiqsaday wax soo saarka ballaaran. Taas bedelkeeda, nidaamka wax soo saarka ee Jinzhou Petrochemical ee kookaha irbadda batroolka waa bislaaday, awoodda processing ee qalabka si joogto ah u hagaagtay, iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira soo saaray gaari karaan heerka dhexe iyo sare ee suuqa, kaas oo loo isticmaali karaa koronto-sare ama bir ultra-sare leh samaynta electrodes.
Iii. Falanqaynta suuqa coke ee irbadda shidaalka gudaha
(1) Iyadoo la dardargelinayo warshadaynta, baahida loo qabo coke irbad ayaa sii kordheysa maalin kasta
Waddankeenu waa dalka ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka warshadaha adduunka, kaas oo inta badan lagu go'aamiyo habka qaab-dhismeedka warshadaha our.
Wax soo saarka birta iyo birta ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ah warshadaha muhiimka ah si kor loogu qaado horumarka dhaqaalaheena. Asalkii hore, baahida cirbadaha ayaa sii kordheysa maalin kasta. Laakiin wakhtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baaristayada farsamada iyo heerka horumarka iyo awoodda wax-soo-saarku kuma habboona baahida suuqa. Sababta ugu weyn ayaa ah in ay jiraan shirkado yar oo irbad diiradda saaraya batroolka oo runtii soo saari kara heerar tayo leh, awoodda wax-soo-saarkuna waa mid aan degganayn. Inkasta oo cilmi-baarista tignoolajiyada ku habboon iyo shaqada horumarinta ay hadda sii socoto, laakiin waxay rabaan inay la kulmaan awoodda sare ama ultra high power graphite electrode iyo waxaa jira farqi weyn, taas oo horseedaysa caqabadaha ku jira xakamaynta tayada alaabta cirbadaha shidaalka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, suuqa kookaha ee cirbadda-cabbirku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay cirbadda-cabbirka kookaha iyo irbadda-cabbirka kookaha. Taas bedelkeeda, kookaha cirbadda-cabbirka batroolka wax yar ayuu ka hooseeyaa kookaha cirbadda dhuxusha ha ahaato tirada horumarinta mashruuca ama heerka horumarinta, taas oo sidoo kale ah mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee caqabad ku ah ballaarinta waxtarka leh ee coke-cabirka batroolka Shiinaha. Laakiin iyada oo ay weheliso horumarinta joogtada ah ee heerka tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka warshadaha birta, wax-soo-saarka birta iyo baahida wax-soo-saarka ee korantada garaafyada awoodda ultra-sare ayaa sii kordheysa. Tani waxay sidoo kale iftiiminaysaa in iyada oo si joogto ah loo hagaajinayo heerka horumarinta warshadaha iyo dardargelinta geeddi-socodka warshadaynta, baahida loo qabo kookaha irbadu waxay noqon doontaa mid aad iyo aad u badan.
(2) Falanqaynta qiimaha sabbaynaya ee suuqa coke irbadda
Marka loo eego heerka hadda ee horumarka warshadaha iyo hagaajinta qaab dhismeedka warshadaha iyo nuxurka warshadaha ee dalkeena, waxaa la ogaaday in taxanaha batroolka ee irbada-cabbida coking uu aad ugu haboon yahay dalkeena marka loo eego taxanaha irbadda-cabbirka, taas oo sii xumeyn doonta xaaladda gudaha ee dheelitir la'aanta u dhaxaysa sahayda iyo baahida cirbadaha-cabbirka coking, si loo xalliyo baahida u dhaxaysa nidaamka iyo dib-u-celinta. soo dejinta. Laga soo bilaabo falanqaynta sifooyinka isbeddelka qiimaha badeecadaha la soo dhoofiyo sannadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa la arki karaa in qiimaha badeecada coke cirbadaha batroolka ee dibedda laga keeno uu kor u kacay ilaa 2014. Sidaa darteed, warshadaha gudaha, iyada oo kordhinaysa farqiga saadka iyo kor u kaca qiimaha soo dejinta, coke cirbadda batroolka ayaa noqon doonta meel cusub oo maalgashi oo cusub oo ah warshadaha coke ee Shiinaha [2].
Afar, cirbaddeenna saliiddu waxay diiradda saartaa cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta iyo falanqaynta dhibaatooyinka tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka
(1) Falanqaynta dhibaatooyinka ka-hortagga alaabta ceeriin
Iyadoo la falanqeynayo dhammaan habka wax soo saarka iyo soo saarista irbad-coke batroolka, waxaa la arki karaa in, pretreatment ee alaabta ceeriin, batroolka waa alaabta ugu weyn ee cayriin, sababtoo ah gaar ah ee khayraadka batroolka, saliidda cayriin waxay u baahan tahay in la qodo dhulka hoostiisa, iyo saliidda cayriin ee batroolka ee dalkeena ayaa isticmaali doona kicinta kala duwan ee geedi socodka qaar ka mid ah macdan qodista, sidaas darteed waxaa jiri doona wax soo saarka qaar ka mid ah wax soo saarka. alaabta batroolka. Habkan daawaynta ka hor waxay saamayn xun ku keeni doontaa soo saarista coke cirbadda batroolka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka kooban ee batroolka laftiisa inta badan waa hydrocarbon aliphatic, content hydrocarbon udgoon yar yahay, taas oo ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka khayraadka batroolka ee jira. Waa in la ogaadaa in wax soo saarka kookaha irbadda batroolka ee tayada sare leh ay leedahay shuruudo adag oo loogu talagalay alaabta ceeriin, oo leh qayb sare oo ka mid ah maadada hydrocarbon udgoon, waxayna doorataa baaruud hooseeya, oksijiin, asphaltene iyo batroolka kale sida alaabta ceeriin, oo u baahan in jajabka barafka uu ka yar yahay 0.3%, iyo jajabka ballaaran ee 1.0% asphalt. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo lagu salaynayo ogaanshaha iyo falanqaynta halabuurka asalka ah, waxa la ogaaday in inta badan saliidda ceyriinka ah ee lagu farsameeyo dalkeenna ay iska leedahay saliidda cayriin ee baaruudda sare, iyo la'aanta saliid ku habboon soo saarista coke-ga irbadda oo leh caraf udgoon oo sarreeya. Waa dhibaato farsamo oo weyn in laga saaro wasakhda saliidda. Dhanka kale, Jinzhou Petrochemical, kaas oo aad u bislaaday R & D iyo wax soo saarka hadda, waxay u baahan tahay alaabta ceeriin ee ku habboon soo saarista coke-ku-jilicsan ee habka wax-soo-saarka iyo ka-hortagga coke-ku-jilicsan ee batroolka. Yaraanta alaabta ceeriin iyo degenaansho la'aanta tayada ayaa ah mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu waaweyn ee xaddidaya xasilloonida tayada kookaha ku jihaysan irbadda [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. ayaa nashqadeeyey oo qaatay ka-hortagga alaabta ceeriin ee unugga wax-soo-saarka ee coke cirbadda shidaalka
Isla mar ahaantaana, habab kala duwan ayaa la qaatay si meesha looga saaro walxaha adag. Marka lagu daro xulashada saliidda culus ee ku habboon soo saarista coke irbadda, walxaha waxyeellada leh ee alaabta ceeriin ayaa la saaray ka hor inta aan la jarin.
(2) Falanqaynta dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee habka dib u dhigista coke ee cirbadda batroolka
Hawlgalka wax soo saarka ee coke cirbadda waa mid aad u dhib badan, waxaana jira shuruudo sare oo ku saabsan xakamaynta isbeddelada heerkulka deegaanka iyo cadaadiska hawlgalka ee habka gaarka ah. Waa mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ku jira habka wax-soo-saarka coke-ga irbadda haddii cadaadiska, wakhtiga iyo heerkulka kookaha si dhab ah loo xakameyn karo si cilmiyaysan oo macquul ah, si wakhtiga falcelinta uu u buuxiyo shuruudaha caadiga ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, hagaajinta wanaagsan iyo hagaajinta cabbirada habka coking iyo heerarka hawlgalka gaarka ah ayaa sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaari kara hagaajinta iyo hagaajinta tayada dhammaan wax soo saarka coke cirbadda.
Ujeedada ugu weyn ee loo isticmaalo foornada kuleylka ee hawlgalka isbeddelka heerkulka waa in la fuliyo hawlgalka caadiga ah si waafaqsan heerka habka wax soo saarka ee coke cirbadda si heerkulka ambienti uu u gaaro xuduudaha loo baahan yahay. Dhab ahaantii, habka isbeddelka heerkulka waa in kor loogu qaado falcelinta coking waxaa lagu fulin karaa jawi gaabis ah iyo hooseeyo heerkulka halka dib u dhigista falcelinta coking ah, si loo gaaro uumiga udgoon, loo hubiyo in habayn la amray ee molecules, si loo hubiyo in ay noqon karaan jihada iyo adkayn hoos tallaabo cadaadiska, iyo kor u xasiloonida gobolka. Foornada kululaynta waa hawlgal lagama maarmaan ah oo ku saabsan habka wax soo saarka oo dhan ee coke cirbadda batroolka, waxaana jira shuruudo gaar ah iyo jaangooyooyin heerkulbeegyo gaar ah, kuwaas oo aan ka hoosayn karin xadka hoose ee 476 ℃ oo aan dhaafin karin xadka sare ee 500 ℃. Isla mar ahaantaana, waa in sidoo kale la ogaadaa in foornada heerkulka variable uu yahay qalab weyn iyo qalabyo, waa in aan fiiro gaar ah u yeelannaa tayada mid kasta oo ka mid ah munaaradda coke irbadda: munaarad kasta oo ku jirta habka quudinta, sababtoo ah heerkulka, cadaadiska, xawaaraha hawada iyo arrimo kale ayaa isbeddelay, sidaas darteed munaaradda kookaha ka dib kookaha waa mid aan sinnayn, dhexe iyo tayada hoose. Sida si wax ku ool ah loo xalliyo dhibaatada tayada tayada ee coke cirbadaha sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ay tahay in la tixgeliyo wax soo saarka coke irbadda.
5. Falanqaynta jihada horumarinta mustaqbalka ee coke cirbadda batroolka
(a) Kor u qaadida horumarinta joogtada ah ee tayada nidaamka batroolka gudaha ee coke irbadda
Tignoolajiyada iyo suuqa diiradda irbadda waxaa u badan Mareykanka iyo Japan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wax soo saarka dhabta ah ee coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha, waxaa weli jira dhibaatooyin qaar, sida tayada aan degganeyn, xoogga kookaha oo hooseeya iyo kookaha budada ah oo badan. Inkasta oo kookaha cirbadda la soo saaray loo isticmaalay soo saarista korantada graphite ee awoodda sare leh iyo ultra-high-powered electrodes, looma isticmaali karo wax soo saarka ultra-high-power graphite electrodes-ka weyn ee cabbirka weyn. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi-baaristayada iyo horumarinta diiradda irbadda ma joogsan, tayada badeecaduna waxay sii wadi doontaa inay hagaajiso. Shanxi Hongte Dhuxul Kiimikada Co., LTD., Sinosteel Dhuxul Cabbir coke irbadda, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Qaybaha kookaha irbadda taxanaha ee saliidda waxay gaadheen 40,000-50,000 tan/sanad miisaan, waxayna u socon karaan si joogto ah, si joogto ah u wanaajiya tayada.
(2) Baahida gudaha ee coke cirbadda batroolka ayaa sii socota inay koraan
Horumarinta warshadaha birta iyo birta waxay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo koronto ah oo ultra-sare leh iyo electrodes koronto sare leh. Xaaladdan oo kale, baahida loo qabo coke cirbadda ee korantada korantada sare iyo wax soo saarka korantada sare ayaa si degdeg ah u koraysa, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa qiyaastii 250,000 tan sanadkii. Wax soo saarka birta foornada korontada ee Shiinaha ayaa ka yar 10%, celceliska wax soo saarka adduunka ee birta foornada korontada ayaa gaadhay 30%. Iskaraabkayaga birta ahi waxa uu gaadhay 160 milyan oo tan. Marka loo eego xaaladda hadda jirta ee mustaqbalka fog, horumarinta birta foornada korontadu waa lama huraan, yaraanta sahayda coke irbadda waxay noqon doontaa lama huraan. Sidaa darteed, waa in la qaado tallaabooyin lagu kordhinayo ilaha laga helo alaabta ceeriin iyo hagaajinta habka wax soo saarka si loo daboolo baahiyaha wax soo saarka.
(3) Baahinta baahida suuqa waxay kor u qaadaysaa hagaajinta heerka tignoolajiyada R&D ee gudaha
Farqiga u dhexeeya tayada iyo kororka baahida cirbadaha-gubashada waxay u baahan yihiin dardargelinta horumarinta cirbad-gubashada. Inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta iyo soo saarista cirbad-gubashada, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay noqdeen kuwo aad u badan oo ka warqaba dhibaatooyinka soo saarista irbad-gubashada, kordhinta dadaallada cilmi-baarista, iyo dhisidda xarumo yaryar iyo tijaabo tijaabo ah si ay u helaan xogta tijaabada ah si ay u hagaan wax soo saarka. Tiknoolajiyada farsamaynta ee coke cirbadda ayaa si joogto ah loo hagaajiyaa si loo daboolo baahida sii kordheysa. Laga soo bilaabo aragtida alaabta ceeriin iyo hababka wax soo saarka, yaraanta saliidda adduunka iyo content sulfur sii kordhaya ayaa xaddidaya horumarinta nidaamka saliidda coke irbadda. Qalabka cusub ee pretreatment warshadaha wax soo saarka ee taxanaha saliidda coke irbad ayaa la dhisay oo la geliyay shaqada Shandong Yida New Material Co., LTD.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-07-2022