Kookaha batroolka ee sawiran wuxuu si buuxda u kordhiyaa tayada "hidde-sidaha" ee birta isagoo hagaajinaya qaab-dhismeedka kaarboonka, si sax ah u nidaaminaya halabuurka, hagaajinta hufnaanta birta, iyo buuxinta baahiyaha wax-soo-saarka heerka sare ah. Hababka iyo saamaynta gaarka ah waa sida soo socota:
I. Hagaajinta Qaab-dhismeedka Kaarboonka: Ka bood tayo leh oo ka bilaabma "Hadhuudh aan qallafsanayn" una gudubta "Bariis la safeeyey"
Waxyaabaha lagu daro kaarboonka caadiga ah (sida kookaha calcined) waxay muujiyaan habayn atom kaarboon oo aan nidaamsanayn, iyadoo heerka nuugista uu yahay 60%. Taas bedelkeeda, kookaha batroolka ee garaafka lagu sameeyay, oo lagu daweeyo heerkul sare 2800℃, wuxuu sameeyaa qaab-dhismeed lakabaysan oo garaafka caadiga ah oo la mid ah "kaararka ciyaarta ee is dulsaaran." Qaab-dhismeedkani wuxuu awood u siinayaa inuu si degdeg ah ugu milmo birta dhalaalaysa, iyadoo heerka nuugista uu kor u kacayo in ka badan 90%. Tusaale ahaan, marka la dhalaalinayo birta dhalada leh (GCr15), waxa ku jira kaarboonka waa in si sax ah loo xakameeyaa inta u dhaxaysa 1.05%-1.15%. Isticmaalka wax lagu daro kaarboonka ee garaafka lagu sameeyay wuxuu hubiyaa heerka nuugista oo deggan oo ah 92%, iyadoo isbeddellada kaarboonka aan ka badnayn ±0.02%, taasoo ka hortagaysa jabka jilicsan ama adkaanta aan ku filnayn ee leexashada oo ay keento leexashada kaarboonka.
II. Xeerarka Qaab-dhismeedka Saxda ah: Habaynta "Qorshaha Cuntada" ee Birta Dhammaadka Sare leh
- Nuxurka Nadaafadda Yar: Habka garaafka wuxuu baaruudka, nitrojiinta, iyo wasakhda kale u beddelaa gaasas is beddela, taasoo yareysa maaddada baaruudka ilaa ka hooseysa 0.05% iyo maadada naytarojiinta ilaa ka hooseysa 0.01%. Tusaale ahaan, birta silikoon ee aan diiradda saarnayn ee loo isticmaalo guryaha cusub ee baabuurta tamarta leh waxay u baahan tahay kaarboon ka hooseeya 0.005%, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ah isticmaalka waxyaabaha lagu daro kaarboonka ee graphitized saafiga sare leh. Sidoo kale, walxaha ku salaysan nikkel ee uumi-bixiyaha awoodda nukliyeerka waa inay lahaadaan wax ka badan nitrogen oo aan ka badnayn 0.01%, shuruud ah in waxyaabaha lagu daro kaarboonka caadiga ah aysan buuxin karin.
- Xakamaynta Halabuurka Xasilloon: Marka la hagaajiyo xaddiga quudinta iyo xuduudaha habka, waxa ku jira walxaha sida kaarboon, sulfur, iyo nitrogen ee birta dhalaalaysa si sax ah ayaa loo xakamayn karaa. Tusaale ahaan, dhalaalka foornada korontada ku shaqeysa, kookaha batroolka ee garaafka lagu shubay ayaa lagu daraa birta qashinka ah iyo walxaha kale ee lagu dallaco si looga fogaado oksaydh xad dhaaf ah oo ay keento quudinta baaxadda weyn, iyadoo la hubinayo in kaarboonka ku jira shubku uu buuxiyo heerarka.
III. Hagaajinta Waxtarka Birta: Laga bilaabo "Nafaqo-xumada" ilaa "Nooca Waxtarka Leh"
- Heerka Nuugista Kaarboonka oo Kordhay: Heerka nuugista kaarboonka ee kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray ayaa ka badan 30% ka sarreeya kan waxyaabaha lagu daro kaarboonka caadiga ah, taasoo la macno ah in 10kii jin ee kaarboon ee lagu daray, nuugista dhabta ah ee wax ku oolka ah ay korodho 3 jin. Tani waxay si weyn u yareysaa khasaaraha kaarboonka inta lagu jiro habka birta waxayna hoos u dhigaysaa kharashyada wax soo saarka.
- Qiiqa Wasakhowga oo Yaraaday: Astaamaha sulfur iyo nitrogen ee hooseeya ee kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray ayaa yareeya qiiqa sulfur dioxide iyo nitrogen oksaydhyada inta lagu jiro dhalaalinta, taasoo la jaanqaadaysa shuruudaha ilaalinta tamarta iyo yaraynta qiiqa. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray wuxuu yarayn karaa qiiqa sulfur oksaydh ee shirkadaha birta in ka badan 50%.
IV. Buuxinta Baahida Wax Soo Saarka ee Heerka Sare: Ka gudubka "Guriga Korontada Birta" una gudubka "Awoodda Sare ee Birta"
- Taageeridda Waxsoosaarka Badeecada ee Heerka Sare leh: Kookaha batroolka ee sawiran waa walax muhiim ah oo ceeriin ah oo lagu soo saaro bir cawlan oo xoog badan, bir silikoon ah oo aan diiradda saarin, bir ku salaysan nikkel, iyo badeecooyin kale oo bir ah oo heer sare ah. Tusaale ahaan, soo saarista alaabada "adag" sida flanges-ka dabaysha iyo dhuumaha tamarta nukliyeerka waxay ku xiran tahay daahirnimadeeda sare iyo astaamaha heerka nuugista sare.
- Horumarinta Warshadaha: Iyadoo warshadaha birta ee Shiinaha ay isu beddelayaan horumar heer sare ah oo cagaaran, "beddelka gudaha" ee kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray ayaa sii kordhaya. Adeegsigiisu ma aha oo kaliya inuu kor u qaado tayada alaabta birta laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu kor u qaadaa horumarka tignoolajiyada ee silsiladda warshadaha oo dhan. Tusaale ahaan, shirkad bir ah ayaa yareysay kala duwanaanshaha isbeddelka kaarboonka ee birta sita laga bilaabo ±0.05% ilaa ±0.02% iyadoo la isticmaalayo kookaha batroolka ee la sawiray, taasoo keentay koror 15% ah oo ku yimid heerka u-qalmitaanka badeecada.
V. Daraasado Kiis: Saamaynta "adag" ee Batrool-ka Graphitized Coke
- Wax Soo Saarka Birta ee Bearing: Ka dib markii la qaatay kookaha batroolka ee graphitized, shirkad gaar ah ayaa hoos u dhigtay kala duwanaanshaha isbeddelka kaarboonka ee birta sita laga bilaabo ±0.05% ilaa ±0.02%, waxay kordhisay heerka u-qalmitaanka badeecada 15%, waxayna badbaadisay in ka badan toban milyan oo yuan khasaaraha sanadlaha ah ee qashinka.
- Guryaha Cusub ee Gawaarida Tamarta leh: Iyadoo la isticmaalayo kookaha batroolka ee graphitized petroleum coke oo saafi ah, kaarboonka ku jira birta silikoon ee aan diiradda saarin ayaa la dejiyay isagoo ka hooseeya 0.005%, taasoo wanaajisay hufnaanta matoorka 3% waxayna kordhisay heerka wadista 5%.
- Uumi-bixiyayaasha Korontada Nukliyeerka: Waxyaabaha ku jira nitrogen-ka ee ku jira birta nikkel-ka waxaa lagu xakameeyay wax ka hooseeya 0.01%, taasoo ka hortagtay burburka walxaha ay keento maadada nitrogen-ka xad-dhaafka ah waxayna kordhisay cimriga adeegga qalabka 20 sano.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-30-2025