Graphite-ka synthetic-ga waa polycrystalline oo la mid ah crystallography. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo graphite macmal ah iyo habab wax soo saar oo kala duwan.
Macno ahaan, dhammaan walxaha garaafiga ee la helo ka dib kaarboonaynta walxaha dabiiciga ah iyo garaafaynta heerkulka sare waxaa si wadajir ah loogu yeeri karaa garaafiga macmalka ah, sida fiber-ka kaarboon (graphite), kaarboon pyrolytic (graphite), garaafit xumbo, iwm.
Macnaha cidhiidhiga ah, garaafitka macmalka ah badanaa waxa loola jeedaa walxaha adag ee badan, sida elektroodka garaafitka, garaafitka isostatic, oo laga sameeyay isku-darka, isku-darka, qaabaynta, kaarboonaynta (oo loo yaqaan dubista warshadaha) iyo garaafitaynta, iyadoo ay ku jirto wasakh yar oo ka kooban walxaha cayriin ee dhuxusha (koke-ka batroolka, koke-ka asfaltiga ah, iwm.) oo ah isku-darka, dhuxusha oo ah gaaska dhuxusha.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo graphite macmal ah, oo ay ku jiraan budada, faybarka iyo baloogga, halka dareenka cidhiidhiga ah ee graphite macmal ah uu badanaa yahay baloog, kaas oo u baahan in loo farsameeyo qaab gaar ah marka la isticmaalo. Waxaa loo arki karaa nooc ka mid ah walxaha badan ee wejiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan wejiga graphite oo ay beddeleen walxaha kaarboon sida kookaha batroolka ama kookaha asfaltiga ah, wejiga graphite oo ay beddeleen xidhmo dhuxul ah oo ku dahaaran walxaha, ururinta walxaha ama daloolada ay sameeyeen xidhmo dhuxul ah ka dib daaweynta kulaylka, iwm. Guud ahaan, heerkulka daaweynta kulaylka oo sarreeya, heerka sare ee garaafka oo sarreeya. Wax soo saarka warshadaha ee garaafka macmalka ah, heerka garaafka oo badanaa ka yar 90%.
Marka la barbardhigo garaafitka dabiiciga ah, garaafitka macmalka ah wuxuu leeyahay wareejin kulaylka oo daciif ah iyo gudbin koronto, dufan iyo balaastik, laakiin garaafitka macmalka ah wuxuu sidoo kale leeyahay iska caabin xirasho oo ka wanaagsan, iska caabin daxalka iyo awood-siin hoose marka loo eego garaafitka dabiiciga ah.
Alaabta ceeriin ee lagu soo saaro graphite-ka macmalka ah waxaa ugu badan yihiin kookaha batroolka, kookaha irbadda, kookaha asfaltiga ah, dhuxusha, microspheres-ka kaarboonka, iwm. Waxyaabaha ay ka soo saarto waxaa ugu badan yihiin electrode-ka graphite, anode-ka hore loo dubay, graphite isostatic, graphite saafi ah oo sarreeya, graphite-ka nukliyeerka, isweydaarsiga kulaylka iwm.
Isticmaalka shayga ee graphite-ka macmalka ah waxaa inta badan lagu muujiyaa dhinacyada soo socda:
1. Elektroodka Garaafiga: Iyada oo kookaha batroolka iyo kookaha irbadda lagu shubo ay yihiin walxo ceeriin ah iyo dhuxul oo ah isku xidhka, elektroodka garaafiga waxaa lagu sameeyaa kalsiinyo, isku-darka, isku-darka, riixitaanka, dubista, qabsashada iyo farsamaynta. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa birta foornada korontada ku shaqaysa, silikoonka warshadaha, fosfooraska jaalaha ah iyo qalabka kale iyadoo la sii daayo tamarta korontada qaab qaanso ah si loo kululeeyo loona dhalaaliyo kharashka.
2. Anood hore loo dubay: laga sameeyay kookaha batroolka sida walxaha ceeriin iyo dhuxul sida xidhmo iyada oo loo marayo kalsiyum, isku darka, isku darka, riixitaanka, dubista, ku dahaaridda, garaafka iyo mishiinka, guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii anode gudbiye ah oo ka mid ah qalabka aluminiumka elektiroonigga ah.
3. Xarig-xidhka, giraanta shaabadaynta: gudbinta qalabka warbaahinta ee daxalka leh, garaafit macmal ah oo si weyn loo isticmaalo oo laga sameeyay faraantiyada bistoonka, faraantiyada shaabadaynta iyo faashadeynta, waxay shaqeeyaan iyagoon ku darin saliid saliidaynaysa.
4. Beddelaha kulaylka, fasalka shaandhada: garaafitka macmalka ah wuxuu leeyahay astaamo u adkeysiga daxalka, hab-dhaqanka kulaylka wanaagsan iyo awood-u-helid hooseeya. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha kiimikada si loo sameeyo beddelaha kulaylka, haanta falcelinta, nuugista, shaandhada iyo qalab kale.
5. Graphite gaar ah: oo leh kookaha batroolka tayo sare leh sida walxo cayriin ah, dhuxul dhagax ama resin macmal ah sida xidhmo, iyada oo loo marayo diyaarinta walxaha ceeriin ah, isku-darka, cajiinta, riixitaanka, burburinta, isku-darka cajiinta, qaabaynta, dubista badan, marin badan, nadiifin iyo garaafisaynta, farsamaynta iyo sameynta, guud ahaan oo ay ku jiraan garaafit isostatic ah, garaafit nukliyeer ah, garaafit saafi ah oo sare, oo loo isticmaalo hawada sare, elektarooniga, warshadaha nukliyeerka.
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-23-2022