Habka wax soo saarka walxaha kaarboonku waa injineernimo nidaam oo si adag loo xakameeyey, soo saarista elektroodka garaafka, walxaha kaarboonka gaarka ah, kaarboonka aluminiumka, walxaha kaarboonka ee heerka sare ah ee cusub waa kuwo aan la kala saari karin isticmaalka alaabta ceeriin, qalabka, tiknoolajiyada, maaraynta afar arrimood oo wax soo saar ah iyo tiknoolajiyada gaarka ah ee la xidhiidha.
Alaabada ceeriinku waa qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee go'aamiya astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee agabka kaarboonka, waxqabadka agabka ceeriinkuna wuxuu go'aamiyaa waxqabadka agabka kaarboonka ee la soo saaray. Soo saarista elektroodhada UHP iyo HP graphite, coke irbad tayo sare leh ayaa ah doorashada koowaad, laakiin sidoo kale asfalt tayo sare leh oo isku xidha, asfalt wakiil ah oo lagu shubo. Laakiin kaliya agabyada ceeriin ee tayada sare leh, la'aanta qalabka, tignoolajiyada, arrimaha maaraynta iyo tignoolajiyada gaarka ah ee la xidhiidha, sidoo kale ma awoodo inay soo saarto elektroodka UHP, HP graphite tayo sare leh.
Maqaalkani wuxuu diiradda saarayaa astaamaha kookaha irbadda ee tayada sare leh si loo sharaxo aragtiyo shaqsiyeed, si loogu doodo soosaarayaasha kookaha irbadda, soosaarayaasha elektroodka, machadyada cilmi-baarista sayniska.
In kasta oo wax soo saarka warshadaha ee coke irbadda ee Shiinaha uu ka dambeeyo kan shirkadaha shisheeye, haddana si dhakhso ah ayuu u horumaray sannadihii u dambeeyay wuxuuna bilaabay inuu qaab yeesho. Marka la eego mugga wax soo saarka guud, waxay asal ahaan dabooli kartaa baahida coke irbadda ee elektroodhada UHP iyo HP graphite ee ay soo saaraan shirkadaha kaarboonka gudaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli waxaa jira farqi gaar ah oo ku jira tayada coke irbadda marka loo eego shirkadaha shisheeye. Isbeddelka waxqabadka dufcadda ayaa saameeya baahida loo qabo coke irbadda tayo sare leh ee soo saarista elektroodka UHP iyo HP graphite ee cabbirka weyn, gaar ahaan ma jiro coke irbadda isku-dhafka ah oo tayo sare leh oo dabooli kara soo saarista isku-darka elektroodka garaafiga.
Shirkadaha kaarboonka ee ajnabiga ah ee soo saara tilmaamaha waaweyn ee UHP, HP graphite electrode badanaa waa doorashada koowaad ee coke irbad batrool oo tayo sare leh sida coke-ka ugu weyn ee ceeriin, shirkadaha kaarboonka ee Japan sidoo kale waxay u isticmaalaan coke irbad taxane dhuxul ah walxo ceeriin ah, laakiin kaliya qeexitaanka soo socda ee φ 600 mm ee wax soo saarka elektroodka graphite. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, coke irbad ee Shiinaha inta badan waa coke irbad taxane dhuxul ah. Soo saarista elektroodka graphite ee UHP ee tayada sare leh ee shirkadaha kaarboonku waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay coke irbad taxane batrool ah oo la soo dejiyo, gaar ahaan soo saarista isku-darka tayo sare leh oo leh coke irbad taxane saliid ah oo Japan laga soo dhoofiyo iyo coke irbad taxane saliid ah oo Ingiriis ah oo ah coke ceeriin ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kookaha irbadda ee ay soo saaraan shirkado kala duwan ayaa badanaa la barbar dhigaa tusmooyinka waxqabadka ganacsiga ee kookaha irbadda shisheeye iyadoo la adeegsanayo tusmooyinka waxqabadka caadiga ah, sida maaddada dambaska, cufnaanta dhabta ah, maaddada sulfur, maaddada nitrojiinta, qaybinta cabbirka walxaha, isku-darka ballaarinta kulaylka iyo wixii la mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli waxaa jira la'aan darajooyin kala duwan oo kala soocidda kookaha irbadda marka loo eego waddamada shisheeye. Sidaa darteed, soo saarista kookaha irbadda si isku mid ah sidoo kale loogu talagalay "alaabta midaysan", ma muujin karto heerka kookaha irbadda ee tayada sare leh.
Marka laga soo tago isbarbardhigga waxqabadka caadiga ah, shirkadaha kaarboonku waa inay sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan astaamaha kookaha irbadda, sida kala soocidda isku-dhafka ballaarinta kulaylka (CTE), xoogga walxaha, heerka anisotropy, xogta ballaarinta ee xaaladda aan la xannibin iyo xaaladda la xannibay, iyo heerkulka u dhexeeya ballaarinta iyo isku-soo-ururinta. Sababtoo ah sifooyinkan kulaylka ee kookaha irbadda ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah xakamaynta habka garaafka ee habka wax soo saarka ee elektroodka garaafka, dabcan, saameynta sifooyinka kulaylka ee kookaha asfaltiga ah ee la sameeyay ka dib markii la dubay isku-xidhka iyo asfaltiga wakiilka lagu shubay lama reebin.
1. Isbarbardhigga anisotropy ee irbadda kookaha
Falanqaynta waxqabadka heerka anisotropic ee wax soo saarka elektroodka graphite ee awoodda sare leh waa qiyaasta tayada walxaha ceeriin ee coke ama ma aha hab falanqayn muhiim ah, cabbirka heerka anisotropy, dabcan, sidoo kale waxay leedahay saameyn gaar ah oo ku saabsan habka wax soo saarka elektroodka, heerka anisotropy ee korontada waxqabadka shoogga kulaylka aadka u sarreeya marka loo eego heerka anisotropy ee awoodda celceliska ee elektroodka yar waa wanaagsan yahay.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soo saarista irbadda dhuxusha ee Shiinaha aad ayay uga badan tahay tan irbadda batroolka. Sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee alaabta ceeriin iyo qiimaha shirkadaha kaarboonka, way adag tahay in 100% loo isticmaalo irbadda gudaha ee soo saarista elektroodka UHP, iyadoo lagu darayo qayb go'an oo ah kookaha batroolka ee calced iyo budada graphite si loo soo saaro elektroodka. Sidaa darteed, way adag tahay in la qiimeeyo anisotropy-ga ee irbadda gudaha.
2. Sifooyinka toosan iyo kuwa mugga leh ee cirbadda kookaha
Waxqabadka isbeddelka toosan iyo mugga ee kookaha irbadda waxaa inta badan ka muuqda habka garaafka ee uu soo saaro elektroodka. Isbeddelka heerkulka, kookaha irbadda ayaa mari doona ballaarinta toosan iyo mugga iyo isku-soo-ururinta inta lagu jiro habka kuleylinta habka garaafka, taas oo si toos ah u saamaysa isbeddelka toosan iyo mugga ee kookaha la dubay ee habka garaafka. Tani isku mid ma aha isticmaalka sifooyinka kala duwan ee kookaha cayriin, heerarka kala duwan ee isbeddelka kookaha irbadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka ee isbeddellada toosan iyo mugga ee darajooyinka kala duwan ee kookaha irbadda iyo kookaha batroolka ee kalcined sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay. Kaliya marka la barto astaamahan kookaha cayriin waxaan si fiican u xakameyn karnaa oo u wanaajin karnaa soo saarista taxanaha kiimikada garaafka. Tani waxay si gaar ah uga muuqataa habka garaafka taxanaha.
Ballaarinta toosan waxay marka hore dhacdaa marka coke-ka irbadda saliidda uu bilaabo inuu kululaado, laakiin heerkulka bilowga isku-dhafka toosan wuxuu inta badan ka dambeeyaa heerkulka ugu badan ee kalsiyum-ka. Laga bilaabo 1525℃ ilaa 1725℃, ballaarinta toosan ayaa bilaabata, heerkulka isku-dhafka toosan oo dhanna waa cidhiidhi, 200℃ oo keliya. Heerka heerkulka isku-dhafka xariiqda oo dhan ee coke-ka batroolka ee dib u dhaca caadiga ah aad ayuu uga weyn yahay kan coke-ka irbadda, coke-ka irbadda dhuxushana wuxuu u dhexeeyaa labada, isagoo wax yar ka weyn coke-ka irbadda saliidda. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ee Machadka Tijaabada Tiknoolajiyadda Warshadaha ee Osaka ee Japan ayaa muujinaya in waxqabadka kulaylka ee coke uu ka sii darayo, heerkulka isku-dhafka xariiqda oo sii weynaaday, ilaa heerkulka isku-dhafka xariiqda oo kala duwan, ilaa heerkulka isku-dhafka xariiqda oo kala duwan, iyo bilowga heerkulka isku-dhafka xariiqda oo hooseeya, 1150 ~ 1200℃ wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhaco isku-dhafka xariiqda, kaas oo sidoo kale ah astaamaha coke-ka batroolka ee dib u dhaca caadiga ah.
Inta sifooyinka kulaylka ka wanaagsan yihiin iyo inta uu sii weynaado anisotropy-ga irbadda kookaha, ayaa heerkulka kala duwan ee isku-xidhka toosan uu sii yaraanayaa. Qaar ka mid ah irbadda kookaha saliidda ee tayada sare leh waxay ku kala duwan yihiin heerkulka isku-xidhka toosan ee 100 ~ 150℃. Aad bay faa'iido u leedahay shirkadaha kaarboonka inay hagaan wax soo saarka habka sawir-qaadista ka dib marka ay fahmaan astaamaha ballaarinta toosan, isku-xidhka iyo dib-u-ballaarinta walxaha kala duwan ee ceeriin ee kookaha, kuwaas oo ka fogaan kara qaar ka mid ah alaabada qashinka tayada aan loo baahnayn ee ay sababaan isticmaalka habka khibradda dhaqameed.
Waqtiga boostada: Oktoobar-08-2021