A. Kala soocidda kookaha batroolka
Kookaha batroolka waa kala-soocidda saliidda cayriin waxay noqon doontaa kala-soocid saliid fudud iyo mid culus, saliid culus ka dibna iyada oo loo marayo habka dildilaaca kulul, oo loo beddelo badeecooyin, laga bilaabo muuqaalka, kookaha qaab aan caadi ahayn, cabbirka baloogga madow (ama walxaha), dhalaalka birta ah, walxaha kookaha leh qaab-dhismeed daloolo leh, halabuurka ugu weyn ee kaarboonka, Hayso 80wt%. (wt=miisaanka)
Sida waafaqsan habka wax-ka-beddelkawaxaa loo qaybin karaakookaha cayriiniyokookaha la kariyeyTan hore waxaa laga helaa munaaradda kookaha ee qalabka kookaynta dib u dhaca, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaankookaha asalka ahTan dambe waxaa soo saara kalsiyum (1300°C), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaankookaha la kariyey.
Sida ku cad content sulfur, waxaa loo qaybin karaakookaha sulfur-ka sare leh(ka kooban sulfur waa ka badan yahay4%), kookaha sulfur dhexdhexaadka ah(waxaa ku jira sulfur2%-4%) iyokookaha sulfur-ka hooseeya(ka kooban sulfur waa ka yar yahay2%).
Sida loo kala saaro qaababka kala duwan ee microstructure-ka, waxaa loo qaybin karaakookaha isbuunyadaiyoirbad kookaale ahKii hore ee daloola lahaa wuxuu ahaa mid isbuunyo leh, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaankookaha caadiga ahKan dambe wuxuu u cufan yahay sida fiilooyinka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaankookaha tayo sare leh.
Sida ku cad qaabab kala duwanwaxaa loo qaybin karaairbad kookaale ah, kookaha gantaalka ah or kookaha wareegsan, kookaha isbuunyada, budada kookahaafar nooc.
B. soo saarista kookaha batroolka
Inta badan kookaha batroolka ee laga soo saaro Shiinaha waxaa laga helaa kookaha sulfur-ka hooseeya, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo warshadaha.dhalaalinta aluminiumkaiyowax soo saarka garaafka.Tan kale waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaaalaabta kaarboonka, sidaElektroodh garaafit, qaanso anode ah, loo isticmaalobir, biraha aan birta ahayn; Badeecadaha silikoon ee kaarboonaysankala duwan, sidagiraangiraha shiidi, ciid,warqad ciid ah, iwm.; Kaalshiyam kaarbiid ganacsi oo loogu talagalay soo saarista faybar macmal ah, acetylene iyo alaabooyin kale; Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa shidaal ahaan, laakiin marka la samaynayo shidaal, waxay u baahan tahay inay isticmaasho warshadda saamaynta leh si ay u fuliso shiidid aad u fiican. Ka dib marka la sameeyo budada kookaha iyada oo loo marayo qalabka, waa la gubi karaa. Budada kookaha waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa shidaal ahaan warshadaha galaaska qaarkood iyo warshadaha biyaha dhuxusha.
Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka, wax soo saarka kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha sannadkii 2020 wuxuu ahaa 29.202 milyan oo tan, taasoo kor u kacday 4.15% sannadkii, laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Abriil 2021, wax soo saarka kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa 9.85 milyan oo tan.
Soo saarista kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha waxaa inta badan lagu soo saaraa bariga Shiinaha, waqooyi-bari Shiinaha iyo Koonfurta Shiinaha, iyadoo wax soo saarka ugu badan uu ka jiro bariga Shiinaha. Gobolka bariga Shiinaha oo dhan, gobolka Shandong wuxuu leeyahay wax soo saarka ugu badan ee kookaha batroolka, kaasoo gaaray 10.687 milyan oo tan sannadkii 2020. Wax soo saarka kookaha batroolka ee gobolka Shandong kuma koobna oo keliya bariga Shiinaha, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu kaalinta koowaad ka galay dhammaan gobollada iyo magaalooyinka Shiinaha, wax soo saarka kookaha batroolkana aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa gobollada iyo magaalooyinka kale.
C. Soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta kookaha batroolka
Shiinuhu waa mid ka mid ah soo-dejiyayaasha ugu waaweyn ee kookaha batroolka, kaas oo inta badan ka yimaada Mareykanka, Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Ruushka. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Kastamka Shiinaha, mugga kookaha batroolka ee soo dejinta Shiinaha laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2020 wuxuu muujiyay isbeddel guud oo kor u kacay. Sannadkii 2019, mugga kookaha batroolka ee soo dejinta Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa 8.267 milyan oo tan, sannadkii 2020na wuxuu ahaa 10.277 milyan oo tan, taasoo ah koror dhan 24.31% marka la barbar dhigo sannadkii 2019.
Sannadkii 2020, xaddiga soo dejinta ee kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa USD 1.002 bilyan, taasoo hoos u dhacday 36.66% sannadkiiba. Sannadkii 2020, mugga soo dejinta ee kookaha batroolka ayaa gaaray meeshii ugu sarreysay, laakiin qiimaha soo dejinta ee kookaha batroolka ayaa hoos u dhacay. Maadaama dhaqaalaha adduunka uu si xun u saameeyay masiibada COVID-19, qiimaha kookaha batroolka ee suuqa caalamiga ah ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacay, taasoo kicisay soo dejinta kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha waxayna kordhisay mugga soo dejinta kookaha batroolka, laakiin waxay yareysay xaddiga soo dejinta.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Kastamka Shiinaha, dhoofinta kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha ayaa muujisay isbeddel hoos u dhac ah, gaar ahaan sannadkii 2020 sababtoo ah saameynta COVID-19, dhoofinta kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacday, sannadkii 2020, dhoofinta kookaha batroolka ee Shiinaha ayaa hoos u dhacday ilaa 1.784 milyan oo DOLLAR, taasoo ah hoos u dhac sanadle ah oo ah 22.13%; Qiimaha dhoofinta wuxuu ahaa $459 milyan, hoos u dhac 38.8% sannadkii.
D. Isbeddelka horumarinta warshadaha kookaha batroolka
Mustaqbalka fog, suuqa kookaha batroolka ayaa wali ka buuxa hubanti la'aan badan, qaabka saadka iyo baahida kookaha batroolka ayaa wali wajahaya caqabado badan. Marka laga eego dhinaca qaab-dhismeedka awoodda, muddada gaaban, sababtoo ah gaarsiinta gaabiska ah ee awoodda haraaga ah ee saliidda, keenista qalabka kookaha ee dib u dhaca ayaa weli ah jihada ugu weyn. Muddada dheer, dhinaca saadka ee kookaha batroolka waxaa sidoo kale xaddidi doona ilaalinta deegaanka, siyaasadaha iyo arrimo kale, waxaana sii jiri doona tignoolajiyado cusub iyo beddelka deegaanka u fiican. Siyaasadda ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqonaysa mid caadi ah, wax soo saarkuna kuma koobnaan karo si loo gaaro qiiqa aadka u hooseeya. Iyadoo la horumarinayo aaladaha ilaalinta deegaanka ee shirkadaha, saameynta siyaasadda ilaalinta deegaanka ee suuqa ayaa la wiiqi doonaa, saameynta xiriirka sahayda suuqa iyo baahida iyo qiimaha iibka alaabta ceeriin ee shirkadaha ayaa la kordhin doonaa.
Dhanka baahida, warshadaha hoose ee batroolka kookaha ayaa sii wadi doona inay soo bandhigaan caqabado dhaqaale oo kala duwan, arrimo siyaasadeed, shirkadaha aluminiumka elektaroonigga ah ee hadda ku xiran alumina, qiimaha korontada, kharashku waa sarreeyaa si loo helo faa'iido, sidaa darteed shirkadaha aluminiumka mustaqbalka waxay leeyihiin silsilad warshadeed oo dhammaystiran oo leh faa'iido weyn, maadaama qaab-dhismeedka suuqa aluminiumku uu si tartiib tartiib ah isu beddeli doono, dhexe ahaanna si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u wareejin doonaa awoodda, Waxay saameyn doontaa qaabka iyo horumarinta suuqa anode ee hore loo dubay iyo suuqa kaarboonka mustaqbalka.
Waqtiga dhexe iyo kan fog, deegaanka dhaqaalaha guud, siyaasadaha warshadaha qaranka, qaab-dhismeedka sahayda wax soo saarka, isbeddellada kaydka, qiimaha alaabta ceeriin, isticmaalka hoose, xaaladaha degdegga ah, iwm., waxay u badan tahay inay noqdaan arrimaha ugu horreeya ee saameeya suuqa saliidda kookaha marxaladaha kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, shirkaduhu waa inay falanqeeyaan xaaladda hadda ee warshadaha saliidda kookaha, wax badan ka bartaan siyaasadaha khuseeya gudaha iyo dibadda, saadaaliyaan jihada horumarinta mustaqbalka ee suuqa saliidda kookaha, waqti ku habboon ka fogow khataraha, ka faa'iidayso fursadaha, isbeddelka waqtiga ku habboon iyo hal-abuurka, waa xal muddo dheer ah.
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Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-10-2022