Sannadkii 1955kii, warshadda Jilin Carbon, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Shiinaha ee graphite electrode, ayaa si rasmi ah loo hawlgeliyay iyada oo ay gacan ka heleen khubaro farsamo oo ka socday Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore. Taariikhda horumarinta ee electrode graphite, waxaa jira laba characters Chinese.
Graphite electrode, qalab heerkul sare u adkaysta graphite, wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin aad u fiican oo lagu sameeyo hadda iyo soo saarida koronto, inta badan loo isticmaalo soosaarkabir.
Xagga dambe ee kor u kaca guud ee badeecadaha, korantada graphite ee sanadkan ma aha mid aan shaqayn. Celceliska qiimaha suuqa graphite electrode ee caadiga ah wuxuu ahaa 21393 yuan/ton,ilaa 51%laga bilaabo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore. Thanks to this, graphite electrode walaal weyn (qayb suuqa ka mid ah in ka badan 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) in saddexdii bilood ee ugu horeysay ee sanadkan dakhliga hawlgalka ee 3.57 bilyan yuan, kobaca sanadka ee 37% , ku soo celinta kobaca faa'iidada saafiga ah hooyada ee 118%. Guushan cajiibka ah ayaa soo jiidatay in ka badan 30 machad oo baadhitaan ku sameeyay usbuucii la soo dhaafay, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin ganacsiyo badan oo lacag ururin oo dadwayne sida Efonda iyo Harvest.
Iyo saaxiibada fiiro gaar ah u leh warshadaha tamarta korantada oo dhan waxay og yihiin in hoosta birta macbudka ee isticmaalka tamarta labajibbaaran, isticmaalka tamarta sare iyo warshadaha wasakheynta sare ay joojiyeen wax soo saarka iyo xidhitaanka. Warshada birta sida laba shirkadood oo sare waa in ay sidoo kale door hogaamineed ka ciyaaraan birta hebei iyo gobolka birta ayaa si gaar ah caan u ah. Sida runta ah, wax soo saarka birta yar, baahida loo qabo graphite electrode ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhici doona, iyadoo suulasha ay ka fikiri karaan, qiimaha graphite electrode waa in ay hoos u ah.
1. Haddii aan lahayn electrodes graphite, foornooyinka arc koronto run ahaantii ma shaqeeyaan
Si aad u fahamto faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan electrodes graphite, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la furo silsiladda warshadaha wax yar. Kor-u-socod, graphite electrode ilaa kookaha batroolka, coke irbad laba badeecooyin kiimiko ah sida alaabta ceeriin, iyada oo loo marayo diyaarinta habka adag ee 11,1 tan oo ah electrode graphite waxay u baahan tahay 1.02 tan oo alaabta ceeriin ah, wareegga wax soo saarka ee ka badan 50 maalmood, qiimaha alaabta ayaa lagu xisaabiyay in ka badan 65%.
Sida aan sheegay, electrodes graphite waxay qabtaan koronto. Marka loo eego cufnaanta hadda la oggol yahay, electrodes graphite ayaa loo sii kala qaybin karaaawood joogto ah, awood sare iyo awood ultra-sareelectrodes graphite. Noocyada kala duwan ee electrodes waxay leeyihiin astaamo jidheed iyo kiimiko oo kala duwan.
Wabiga hoostiisa, electrodes graphite waxaa loo isticmaalaa foornooyinka arc, silicon warshadaha iyofosfooraska jaalaha ahwax-soo-saarka, wax-soo-saarka birta guud ahaan waxay ku saabsan tahay80%wadarta guud ee isticmaalka electrodes graphite, qiimaha dhawaan ayaa inta badan sabab u ah warshadaha birta. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo tirada sii kordheysa ee birta EAF ee awoodda aadka u sareysa ee leh waxqabadka qiimaha wanaagsan, electrodes graphite ayaa sidoo kale u koraya dhanka awood ultra-sare, kaas oo leh waxqabad ka fiican kan caadiga ah. Yaa u yaqaanelectrode graphite awood ultra saretechnology, kuwaas oo hogaamin doona suuqa mustaqbalka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 10-ka shirkadood ee adduunka ugu sarreeya ee korantada ultra-sare ee garaafyada elektiroonigga ah waxay ku xisaabtamaan 44.4% wadarta guud ee wax-soo-saarka ultra-high graphite electrodes ee adduunka. Suuqa ayaa ah mid xoog badan, dalka ugu weyn ee hogaaminayana waa Japan.
Si aad si fiican u fahamto waxyaabaha soo socda, halkan waa hordhac kooban oo ku saabsan habka loo sameeyo birta. Guud ahaan, dhalaalidda birta iyo birta ayaa loo qaybiyaafoornada qaraxiyofoornada arc korontoTan hore waxay noqon doontaa birta birta ah, kookaha iyo birta doofaarka ee dhalaalaysa, ka dibna xaddi badan oo oksijiin afuufaya beddelka, birta dhalaalaysa ee dhalaalaysa birta dareeraha ah. Midda kale waxay ka faa'iidaysanaysaa sifooyinka koronto iyo kulaylka ugu fiican ee electrodes graphite si ay u dhalaaliso birta qashinka ah oo ay uga dhigto birta.
Sidaa darteed, graphite electrode ee samaynta birta EAF, sida PVDF ee lithium anode, baahidu maaha mid aad u badan (1 tan oo birta ah waxay isticmaashaa kaliya 1.2-2.5kg graphite electrode), laakiin runtii suurtagal maaha isaga la'aanteed. Mar dhowna ma jiri doono beddelka.
2. Laba kaarboon oo dab ah, oo lagu shubay awoodda korantada graphite
Ma aha oo kaliya birta, wax soo saarka graphite electrode sidoo kale waa isticmaalka tamarta sare iyo warshadaha qiiqa sare, ballaarinta mustaqbalka ee awoodda maaha mid rajo leh. Soo saarista hal tan oo ah electrode graphite waxa ay cunaysaa ilaa 1.7 tan oo dhuxul caadi ah, hadii loo rogo 2.66 tan oo kaarboon laba ogsaydh halkii ton ee dhuxusha caadiga ah, hal tan oo ah electrode garaaf ah ayaa hawada ku siidaaya ilaa 4.5 tan oo carbon dioxide ah. Inner Mongolia mar dambe ma ogola mashruuca graphite electrode sanadkan waa caddayn wanaagsan.
Waxaa kaxeeyey bartilmaameedka kaarboonka laba-geesoodka ah iyo dulucda cagaaran, wax-soo-saarka sanadlaha ah ee electrodes-ka garaafyada ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacay markii ugu horreysay muddo afar sano ah. Sannadka 2017, soo kabashada suuqa birta ee caalamiga ah ee eAF, oo wadata baahida loo qabo qalabka elektiroonigga ah, ciyaartoyda graphite electrode waxay kordhiyeen wax soo saarka iyo ballaarinta awoodda, Graphite electrode ee Shiinaha laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2019 waxay muujisay isbeddel korriin sare leh.
Waxa loogu yeero wareegga, waa hilibka cunnada ee korka, ka hooseeya cunnada baasto.
Sababtoo ah maalgashiga xad-dhaafka ah iyo wax soo saarka ee electrode graphite ee warshadaha, taasoo keentay in stock aad u badan ee suuqa, furay channel hoose ee warshadaha, nadiifinta alaabta ayaa noqday laxanka ugu weyn. Sannadka 2020, wax-soo-saarka guud ee electrode-ga caalamiga ah wuxuu hoos u dhacay 340,000 oo tan, hoos ugu hooseeya 22%, wax-soo-saarka Shiinaha ee graphite electrode wuxuu kaloo hoos uga dhacay 800,000 tan ilaa 730,000 tan, wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah ee sanadkan ayaa la filayaa inuu hoos u dhaco.
Habeen ka hor xorriyadda.
Awoodda wax-soo-saarka ma kor u kacday, ma jirto lacag (margin guud oo hooseeya), qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ayaa kor u kacaya. Coke batroolka, kookaha irbadda dhawaantan ayaa kor u kacday 300-600 yuan/ton. Isku-dhafka saddexda ayaa ka tagaya ciyaartoyda graphite oo leh hal ikhtiyaar oo kaliya, taas oo ah in kor loo qaado qiimaha. Caadi ahaan, awood sare, awood ultra-sare leh saddex graphite electrode alaabta kor u kacay qiimaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Baichuan Yingfu warbixinta, xitaa haddii qiimaha kor u kaca, suuqa graphite ee Shiinaha ee graphite suuqa weli waa in sahayda gaaban, saarayaasha qaar ka mid ah ku dhawaad ma inventory graphite electrode, heerka hawlgalka sii kordho.
3. Isbeddelka birta, loogu talagalay korantada graphite ee bannaan ee male-awaalka
Haddii xaddidaadda wax soo saarka, kharashka kor u kaca iyo faa'iido la'aanta ay yihiin xoogagga wadista ka dambeeya kor u kaca qiimaha electrodes graphite ka dib markii wareegga hoos loo dhigo, isbeddelka warshadaha birta ayaa furaya fikradda kor u kaca qiimaha mustaqbalka ee electrodes graphite-dhamaadka sare.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, qiyaastii 90% wax soo saarka birta ceeriin ee gudaha waxay ka timaadaa birta foornada lagu qarxiyo (coke), kaas oo leh qiiqa kaarboonka weyn. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha qaranka ee isbeddelka awoodda birta iyo cusboonaysiinta, badbaadinta tamarta iyo dhimista kaarboonka, qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha birta ayaa ka soo jeestay foornada qaraxa una beddeleen foorno koronto ah. Siyaasadaha khuseeya ee la soo bandhigay sannadkii hore ayaa sidoo kale tilmaamay in wax soo saarka birta ee foornada korantada ee korantada ay ka dhigan tahay in ka badan 15% wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka birta ceyriinka ah, oo ay ku dadaalaan in ay gaaraan 20%. Sida kor ku xusan, sababtoo ah graphite electrode waa mid aad muhiim u ah foornada arc koronto, waxa kale oo ay si dadban u wanaajisaa shuruudaha tayada ee electrode graphite.
Sabab la'aan maaha in saamiga birta EAF la hagaajiyo. Shan sano ka hor, adduunka koronto ee foornada foornada boqolleyda wax soo saarka birta ceyriinka ah waxay gaartay 25.2%, Mareykanka, Midowga Yurub 27 waddan waxay ahaayeen 62.7%, 39.4%, waddankeenna qaybtan horumarka ah waxaa ku yaal meel aad u badan. , si kor loogu qaado baahida graphite electrode.
Sidaa darteed, waxaa si fudud loo qiyaasi karaa in haddii wax soo saarka birta EAF ay ku saabsan tahay 20% wadarta wax soo saarka birta ceyriinka ah ee 2025, iyo wax soo saarka birta cayriin waxaa loo xisaabiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo 800 milyan oo tan / sannadkii, baahida Shiinaha ee graphite electrode 2025 waa qiyaastii 750,000 oo tan. Frost Sullivan ayaa saadaaliyay in ugu yaraan rubuci afaraad ee sanadkan uu wali haysto xoogaa qol uu ku ordo.
Waa run in korantada graphite ay si dhakhso ah u kacdo, dhammaan waxay kuxirantahay suunka foornada korontada.
4. Soo koobid
Gebogebadii, graphite electrode waxa uu leeyahay sifooyin xilliyeed xoog leh, iyo xaaladaha codsiga ay yihiin kuwo fudud, taas oo si weyn u saameeyay warshadaha birta hoose. Kadib kor u kaca laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2019, waxay hoos u dhacday sanadkii hore. Sannadkan, oo hoos yimaada heerka sare ee xadka wax-soo-saarka, faa'iidada guud ee hooseeya iyo kharashka sarreeya, qiimaha graphite electrode ayaa hoos u dhacay oo heerka hawlgalka ayaa sii kordhaya.
Mustaqbalka, shuruudaha isbeddelka cagaarka iyo kaarboon-yar ee birta iyo warshadaha birta, birta EAF waxay noqon doontaa kicinta muhiimka ah si loo kiciyo kororka baahida korantada graphite, laakiin isbeddelka iyo cusboonaysiinta waxay noqon doontaa geeddi-socod dheer. Sicirka kor u kaca ee electrodes graphite waxa laga yaabaa inaanay sidaa u fududayn.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-08-2021